APPRAISAL OF THE ROLES OF GOVERNMENT AND CIVIL SOCIETIES IN PROTECTING CHILDREN’S RIGHTS IN CONFLICT-AFFECTED ZONES IN NIGERIA

Abstract

Protection of the rights of children has become an issue of national concern in Nigeria. Notwithstanding the existence of numerous legal frameworks designed to protect children’s rights, such as the Child Rights Act, 2003, regional and international conventions on the rights of a child, the realities on ground reveal persistent violations of children’s rights, especially in conflict zones in Nigeria. Armed conflicts, insurgency, and banditry have increasingly exposed children to grave dangers, including abduction, trafficking, sexual exploitation, and denial of basic education. In recent times, some parts of Nigeria have witnessed a surge in insecurity characterized by mass abduction of school children and thus highlighting the vulnerability of children in conflict-prone areas. These occurrences constitute clear violations of the rights to life, dignity, education, and freedom from inhuman treatment as guaranteed under the Constitution and the Child’s Rights Act. More often than not, the government is either handicapped, reluctant or un-interested. This precarious situation necessitated this doctrinal study of the roles of government and non-governmental organizations in protecting children’s rights in conflict zones. Materials were collated from primary, secondary and internet sources. We found that Nigeria is obligated under both domestic and international law to ensure security and welfare of children at all times. However, the government is not living up to its legal responsibility in protecting children’s rights in Nigeria, especially in conflict affected areas. We recommend among others that government should strengthen the administration of justice by institutionalizing and enhancing the capacity of family courts. Ensuring the prompt investigation and prosecution of offences against children, protection of child witnesses, and reducing delays in criminal proceedings. A more responsive justice system will improve accountability and reinforce public confidence in the enforcement of child rights in Nigeria.