OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY RISKS AND BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

Abstract

This study explores the advancements, applications, and occupational safety implications of nanotechnology in Nigeria, a field that integrates engineering, physics, chemistry, biology, and materials science. It highlights nanotechnology’s transformative role in medicine, agriculture, environment, and industry through its nanoscale manipulation that enhances material properties and efficiency. The paper identifies the emerging adoption of nanotechnology in Nigeria, supported by institutions such as NISLT, SHESTCO, NASENI, and universities like OAU and UNN. Applications span across sectors, including nano-based fertilizers, antibacterial packaging, nanoparticle drug delivery systems, and nanofiltration technologies for water purification. Using a mixedmethods research design, the study combines quantitative and qualitative approaches to assess occupational safety risks and develop best practice guidelines. Findings reveal that while nanotechnology offers immense environmental and economic potential, it also presents occupational hazards from nanoparticle exposure through inhalation, dermal absorption, and ingestion. Commonly used nanomaterials such as AgNPs, TiO‚ , CNTs, ZnO, and AuNPs pose toxicity and environmental risks if unmanaged. Consequently, the paper emphasises the need for proactive risk management through standardised protocols, exposure control, personal protective equipment (PPE), and adherence to WHO, ISO, and NIOSH safety guidelines. Recommendations focus on engineering and administrative controls, safety training, waste management, and sustainability-oriented nanomaterial development. The study concludes that achieving safe and sustainable nanotechnology in Nigeria requires harmonising innovation with occupational and environmental safety for responsible scientific advancement.