CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY, INSECURITY AND ENERGY TRANSITION IN NIGERIA

Abstract

Natural resource management in Nigeria remains a subject of significant sustainability concern. With the growing scarcity of key resources, particularly water, land, and minerals which led to competition that trigger intensifying and, in many instances, fuelling conflict. Although Nigeria has made progress in diversifying its energy sector, the industry remains largely dependent on fossil fuels. This dependence persists despite the country’s vast renewable energy potential, including solar, wind, hydro, and biomass resources. Energy continues to serve as a critical pillar of economic growth, industrialization, and societal welfare. Without overlooking the urgency of transitioning to cleaner energy systems, Nigeria has implemented a range of policy instruments, institutional frameworks, and regulatory measures. Nonetheless, the interconnections between climate change, energy transition, and national security remain underexplored. This paper examines these linkages, arguing that climate change both exacerbates existing vulnerabilities and shapes patterns of insecurity and energy development. It further evaluates the opportunities and constraints of renewable energy transition in Nigeria within the broader context of sustainable development.