THE USE OF DNA EVIDENCE IN CRIMINAL TRIALS IN NIGERIA: WHETHER A CONCLUSIVE PROOF OF THE GUILT OF AN ACCUSSED

Abstract

This article aimed to evaluate whether the use and admissibility of DNA evidence in criminal trials in Nigeria constitute conclusive proof of the guilt of an accused person. To achieve this aim, the study examined issues of relevance and admissibility that arise where DNA evidence is employed in criminal proceedings. Based on the analysis of disputes relating to the relevance and admissibility of DNA evidence, the study found that DNA evidence in criminal trials is generally corroborative rather than conclusive proof of guilt. It therefore operates in conjunction with other available evidence to establish the guilt of an accused person. The study also found that although DNA evidence is corroborative in nature, it has become a vital tool in crime detection. The presence of an accused person’s DNA at a crime scene may constitute prima facie evidence linking the accused to the crime scene or victim. The study concluded that where DNA evidence is combined with other supporting evidence to establish a match in criminal trials, it can accurately identify perpetrators of crime, exonerate innocent persons, and enhance public confidence in the criminal justice system. To this end, the researcher recommends that the Nigerian government should provide the necessary legal frameworks, facilities, and funding to ensure that the legal system evolves in line with advances in forensic science. This will promote the effective utilization of DNA evidence in the Nigerian criminal justice system, which remains underutilized to date.