AN ETHICAL EVALUATION OF THE RIGHTS OF THE PATIENT AS A VALUABLE GROUND FOR EUTHANASIA

Abstract

Euthanasia, often referred to as mercy killing or physician-assisted death, remains one of the most contentious issues in contemporary bioethics, law, and medical practice. It raises profound moral questions concerning the sanctity of life, the autonomy of the individual, and the ethical responsibilities of healthcare providers. This paper critically evaluates euthanasia through the lens of patients’ rights, particularly examining whether the right to life can be interpreted to include a right to die. Drawing on philosophical discourse, legal frameworks, and medical ethics, the study explores the historical evolution, conceptual distinctions, and ethical controversies surrounding euthanasia. Special attention is given to the Nigerian legal context, where euthanasia remains criminalized yet ethically debated. The paper argues that while euthanasia poses significant risks, particularly regarding abuse and coercion, the rights of competent patients to make informed decisions about their own lives, including the refusal of life-sustaining treatment, provide a compelling ethical basis for reconsidering its absolute prohibition. The study concludes by advocating for a cautious, regulated approach that balances autonomy with the protection of vulnerable populations.