NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF ARTS AND HUMANITIES (NJAH)
Nigerian Journal of Arts and Humanities (ISSN: 2814-3760; E-ISSN: 2955-0343) is an interdisciplinary and a multidisciplinary journal dedicated to the promotion of scholarship and research in Arts and Humanities. It publishes well-researched scholarly papers in all areas of arts and humanities and related disciplines. The journal welcomes the submission of manuscript that is original and devoid of plagariasm. NJAH accepts papers in English, French, Chinese and Nigerian languages. It is domiciled in the department of Chinese Studies, Faculty of Arts, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka
CHRISTIAN ENCOUNTER WITH THE OCCULT PHENOMENON: A KABALLISTIC EXPERIENCE
The idea of mysticism or occultism has always been shrouded in demonic and evil forces by most fanatical and overzealous Christians. The Kaballah is an ancient Jewish teaching that uses biblical stories as allegories for human experience, and its primary concern is the knowledge of God, the universe, and humanity. The Kaballistic Tree of Life is a complex diagram that serves as a device for understanding the universe and humanity, and its connection to mystical experiences. This article explores the concept of occult knowledge, particularly the Hebrew Qaballah, its relevance to Christian scholars. It examines the distinction between mystics and magicians, white and black witches and the concept of white and black magic. The Kaballa has contributed to the development of the magic faculty or mystic sense, and has influenced the Christian theology, particularly the works of Dion Fortune and Thomas Aquinas. Basically, the work demonstrates the value of occult knowledge and the Kaballah in deepening one's understanding of spiritual reality and the nature of God.
Orah, M. T. (Phd), (Unizik); And Rev Fr Arazu, R. C. (PhD)
THEATRE, MEDIA AND SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTION: A STANCE AGAINST RAPE IN ONCE UPON A PARADE
Gender-based violence, including domestic violence, rape and other sexual abuses, has assumed a frightening dimension globally. In Nigeria, incidents of rape are reaching alarming levels, sustained by patriarchal systems and reinforced by a culture of silence. Such acts constitute infringement on women’s rights, privacy, self-preservation and dignity. This study examines the intersection of theatre and media as instruments for social reconstruction. A descriptive qualitative study approach was adopted, involving textual and performance analysis of Once Upon a Parade by Aniebiet Mbede, staged in the Akwa Ibom State University Pinnacle theatre. This work interrogates the sociological, institutional and cultural factors accentuating the rise of sexual violence in Nigeria. Underpinned by Feminist Theory and Bystander Theory, the study highlights the dramaturgical techniques and narrative modalities employed in the multimedia performance, which challenges prevalent myths surrounding rape and gendered power imbalances. Findings reveal that the performance’s advocacy function promotes victim empathy, exposes systematic corruption, and fosters collective action to address this social menace. In conclusion, the synergy of theatre and creative digital media remains a viable strategy for cultural reorientation and social reconstruction in contemporary Nigeria. This study recommends intensive sensitisation of citizenry regarding the traumatic effects of rape and advocates for strict enforcement of existing laws to protect victims against stigmatisation and humiliation, thereby contributing to a safer and more just society.
Feminism, Gender-Based Violence (GBV), Media, Social Reconstruction, Theatre
ARISTOTLE’S ACCOUNT OF VIRTUOUS LEADER AND THE QUEST FOR GOOD GOVERNANCE IN AFRICA
This paper focuses on Aristotle’s account of the virtuous leader as a paradigm for achieving good governance in Africa, particularly Nigeria. It examines how morally upright, responsible, responsive, accountable, transparent, courageous, and wise leaders can intellectually and morally harness societal resources for the sustainable development of society and the eradication of poor governance. Aristotle’s account of virtuous leadership is particularly imperative in societies where poor governance—characterized by corruption, prebendalism, nepotism, favouritism, economic sabotage, unequal distribution of wealth and resources, and the misappropriation of public funds—has led to widespread political, social, and economic instability. To capture the nuances of the thesis of this project, the research explores the meaning of good governance, identifies the qualities that define a virtuous leader, and analyzes how these two elements can help address leadership problems in Africa, particularly Nigeria. Using the analytical and critical methods of philosophizing, the study compares Aristotle’s ideals of moral virtue with the current realities of political leadership in Nigeria. The paper argues that many of Nigeria’s challenges, including corruption and nepotism, are rooted in moral decay rather than in structural or legal deficiencies. Thus, the study asserts that meaningful reform must begin with ethical leadership grounded in character, discipline, and a genuine commitment to the common good. It further encourages educators, policymakers, and civil society organizations to invest in deliberate character formation as part of leadership training. By prioritizing moral integrity alongside competence, nations like Nigeria can lay the groundwork for more just, effective, and trustworthy governance.
Good Governance, Virtuous Leaders, Nigeria, Corruption, Moral Character
AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES IN EASTERN NIGERIA BEFORE 1976: A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS
This study examines agricultural activities in Eastern Nigeria before 1976, a period marked by significant economic, social and political changes. Agriculture was the backbone of the regional economy, with crops such as palm produce, cocoa and root crops serving as major sources of income. The region’s agricultural sector was characterised by small-scale farming, with farmers relying on traditional farming methods and tools. The introduction of cash crops by colonial authorities led to a shift from subsistence farming to commercial agriculture, with many farmers producing crops for export. However, this shift also brought challenges such as land degradation, labour exploitation and fluctuating market prices. Despite these challenges, agriculture remained a vital sector of the regional economy, providing employment and income for millions of people. This study draws on historical records and empirical evidence to provide insights into the dynamics of agricultural activities in Eastern Nigeria before 1976. It covers the defunct Eastern Region of Nigeria, which comprised the present-day states of Abia, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bayelsa, Cross River (then part of the South-Eastern State), Ebonyi, Enugu, Imo and Rivers. The methodology adopted is historical analysis and an extensive review of data collected from primary and secondary sources. The findings of this study have implications for contemporary agricultural policies and practices in the region.
Agricultural Activities, Eastern Nigeria, Pre-1976, Cash Crops, Small-Scale Farming
THE EVOLUTION AND CHALLENGES OF BANKING IN NIGERIA, 1959-1998: A REVIEW OF BANK FAILURES AND LESSONS LEARNED
The banking industry is no doubt an important live wire in the smooth running of economic activities and the driving of socioeconomic development. The alarming rate of bank failures in Nigeria, a country yearning for socioeconomic development, therefore calls for concern. Little wonder it has raised serious concerns among stakeholders. This paper therefore attempts a historical analysis of the causes and effects of bank failures in Nigeria and, more importantly, the lessons the country can learn from them in order to build a stronger banking industry and accelerate development. Adopting a historical methodology, which involves a qualitative analysis of primary and secondary source materials related to a chosen time period, the paper argues that from the rubble of bank failures, valuable lessons can be harnessed if greater attention is paid to the hard lessons that can be gleaned from such failures. The study finds that the causes of bank failure are largely man-made, pointing mainly to managerial failure, and that the lessons they offer have, to a large extent, been neglected.
Bank, Banking System, Bank failures, Nigeria, Lessons
OBIENUSI, Ihuoma Elizabeth; LAWRENCE, Chichebem Solomon
FINANCIAL STRESS AND PERSONALITY TRAITS AS PREDICTORS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AMONG CAREGIVERS OF MENTALLY ILL PATIENTS
This study examined financial stress and personality traits as predictors of psychological distress among caregivers of mentally ill patients at Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Nawfia, Anambra State, Nigeria. Eighty-nine caregivers were recruited using a total population sampling technique (31 males, 34.8%; 58 females, 65.2%), with ages ranging from 24 to 51 years (M = 39.63, SD = 8.96). Instruments included the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), a Financial Stress Questionnaire, and the Big Five Personality Inventory. A predictive cross-sectional design was employed, and data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results indicated that the affective dimension of financial stress significantly and positively predicted psychological distress (β = 1.19, t = 7.39, p < .05). Other financial stress dimensions demonstrated negative but non-significant relationships. None of the Big Five personality traits significantly predicted psychological distress in this sample. The findings underscore the salience of financial strain in shaping caregivers’ psychological well-being, while suggesting that personality traits may play a less direct role within this context. It is recommended that mental health institutions incorporate structured financial counseling and psychosocial support services to mitigate distress among caregivers.
financial stress, personality traits, psychological distress, caregivers, mental illness
Anyaorah, Godson Chukwudi; Okanya, Esther Chinecherem; Obi U. C.
BOKO HARAM, TERRORISM, AND THE CHURCH IN NORTHERN NIGERIA (1999–2015)
This study examines the emergence of Boko Haram as a terrorist movement and its impact on the Christian Church and broader Nigerian society between 1999 and 2015. It argues that Boko Haram’s evolution from a local religious sect into a full-scale insurgency was facilitated by structural weaknesses such as poverty, corruption, political exclusion, and the instrumentalization of religion. Drawing on documentary sources and existing scholarly literature, the paper analyses the social, economic, political, and religious consequences of terrorism on Christian communities in northern Nigeria. The study concludes that although Boko Haram has inflicted significant damage on religious institutions and national cohesion, the crisis is not insurmountable if addressed through coordinated security reforms, effective governance, and sustained interreligious engagement.
Professor Ifeyinwa Henrietta EMEJULU; Uchenna Kelechi IWUOZO
LA TRADUCTION DES TEXTES DE PHILOSOPHIE EMPIRIQUE
Cette étude a pour but de rechercher à surmonter les obstacles qui gênent la compréhension et la traduction des textes philosophiques au perspectif empirique voire la traduction des discours au tour de Germain, le protagoniste dans La mare au diable de George Sand, de français vers l’anglais. L’étude révèle que le texte empirique de la philosophie est un texte dénotatif, objectif, descriptif qui fait appel à la sensation humaine à savoir: le goût, le toucher, la déduction et l’induction des faits, l’analyse des données et qui attire des maximes. Nous découvrons que c’est dans la traduction des axiomes et des maximes que réside la plupart des difficultés dans la traduction des textes philosophiques au perspectif empirique. Nous adoptons la méthode séquentielle de Daniel Gile. La théorie de cette étude est les principes de correspondance d'Eugene Nida. Le perspectif de cette étude fait partie de l’aspect méthodique de l’épistémologie, cet aspect de la philosophie qui enquête sur la connaissance. Bien qu’il y ait d’autres perspectives épistémologiques tels que : l’intuition, le raisonnement, la foi, l’autorité et la révélation qui sont à la fois des sources de connaissance, le perspectif empirique nous paraît central à toutes domaines traditionnelles de la philosophie y compris l’esthétique, l’éthique, la métaphysique, la logique, et l’épistémologie.
la philosophie, l’empiricisme, corpora, la traduction
EZUOKE, CHUKWUDINMA OGECHI; ADAEZE NGOZI OHUOBA
THE POWER OF NARRATIVE: ARTISTIC REPRESENTATION OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN SUNNY ALLI’S LAGOS GIRLS – A FILM
The power of narratives in films offers a profound means of reflecting on, questioning and addressing societal issues. This research explores the artistic representation of domestic violence in Lagos Girls, a film by Sunny Alli, analysing how the narrative structure, visual techniques and character portrayals contribute to the depiction of this sensitive and often silenced issue. Through a detailed analysis of key scenes and character arcs, and by incorporating Cathy Caruth’s trauma theory, the study examines the role of film in raising awareness about domestic violence within Nigerian society while also considering its broader societal implications. By delving into the complex interplay between personal trauma and social norms, the paper demonstrates how Lagos Girls employs artistic expression to challenge traditional narratives surrounding gender, power and violence. Furthermore, the study highlights the potential of film as a medium for advocacy and social change, offering a nuanced understanding of how domestic violence is both represented and contested in contemporary African cinema.
artistic representation, domestic violence, visual techniques, film
AKINRINLOLA, DEBORAH ATINUKE; OSEMWEGIE, Mojisola Omowumi; IMASAGBOR Blessing
WATER BODIES AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH EAST, NIGERIA
The paper discusses water bodies and economic development in south East, Nigeria. It explores the relationship between water bodies and economic development in Southeast Nigeria. It highlights the biodiversity potential of these water bodies and outline strategies to make them functional such as environmental restoration, infrastructure development, dredging, and regular pollution control. The study examines the potential economic benefits of functional water bodies in the region, including reliable clean water supply, improved transportation, consistent access to aquatic food, enhanced recreation and tourism, efficient irrigation, and ecosystem restoration. The paper also addresses the negative impacts of the current lack of functional water bodies, such as the widespread drilling of boreholes, economic losses due to travel to other regions for essential resources, migration out of the region, and the overall dependency of the local economy. The study employed a historical method of qualitative objective content analysis of both primary and secondary sources. The finding of the paper reveals that the absence of functional water bodies has significantly contributed to the region's economic stagnation which has in constant migration out of the region with attendance economic consequences. The study concludes that revitalizing the water bodies in Southeast Nigeria could transform the region into a thriving economic hub within the nation.
Water Bodies, and Economic, Development, Economic Development
ADOLESCENCE, TRAUMA, AND RESILIENCE IN CONTEMPORARY AFRICAN FICTION
This study examines the intersections of adolescence, trauma, and resilience in African fiction focusingfirs on four representative texts from diverse regions of the continent: A Long Way Gone by Ishmael Beah (Sierra Leone), The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind by William Kamkwamba (Malawi), Too Young to Die by Sivuyile Mazantsi and Sam Roth (South Africa), and Tomboy by Nina Bouraoui (Algeria-North Africa). The study investigates how African adolescent characters negotiate personal and collective trauma within contexts of war, poverty, social injustice, and cultural hybridity, and how their narratives reframe resilience as both psychological strength and cultural renewal. Methodologically, the research adopts a qualitative textual analysis of the selected texts, examining narrative techniques, imagery, and character psychology to uncover how trauma and recovery are represented. Anchored in Postcolonial Theory, Psychoanalysis, and Cultural Studies, the study interprets adolescence as a liminal space where identity is continuously redefined in the face of crisis. Findings reveal that despite diverse socio-political realities, these texts collectively portray the adolescent subject as a witness, survivor, and transformative agent whose resilience reclaims memory and agency from violence. The study concludes that African adolescent fiction extends beyond moral pedagogy to engage broader discourses of healing, identity, and nationhood.
Adolescence, Trauma, Resilience, African Fiction
Christabel Chikamadu Ph.D; Prof. J O J Nwachukwu Agbada; Prof. G I N Emezue
MANPOWER PLANNING, RECRUITMENT, AND APPRAISAL IN THE NIGERIAN PUBLIC SERVICE
This study examined manpower planning, recruitment, and employee appraisal in the Nigerian public service, focusing on their effects on organisational efficiency, workforce quality, and employee productivity. The objectives were to evaluate the effectiveness of manpower planning practices, assess the impact of recruitment processes on workforce quality and service delivery, and examine the role of appraisal systems in enhancing performance. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, targeting Human Resource and Personnel Officers across ministries, departments, and agencies in Nigeria. A total of 220 respondents were selected through stratified random sampling to ensure proportional representation of all organisational units. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire measured on a four-point Likert scale and analysed using mean scores, standard deviations, and Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) for hypothesis testing. The findings indicated that manpower planning was moderately effective, with mean scores ranging from 2.89 to 3.10 (SD = 0.89–0.99), highlighting gaps in forecasting future staffing needs. Recruitment processes were significantly associated with workforce quality and service delivery (mean = 2.87–3.02; F(1,218) = 15.43, p < 0.05), although political interference was noted as a limiting factor. Employee appraisal systems moderately influenced performance and productivity (mean = 2.87–2.99; F(1,218) = 16.99, p < 0.05), but perceived unfairness reduced their effectiveness. The study concludes that structured manpower planning, merit-based recruitment, and transparent appraisal systems are essential for improving public service efficiency and workforce quality. It recommends strengthening workforce forecasting, standardising recruitment procedures, and linking appraisal outcomes to promotions and rewards to enhance employee performance and service delivery in the Nigerian public service.
Manpower, Recruitment, Appraisal and Public service
NEW MEDIA AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE FIFTH ESTATE OF THE REALM
The advent of new media technologies has significantly transformed the communication landscape and reshaped human experiences, globally. The evolution of public discourse and democratic engagement has facilitated the emergence of new media as the fifth estate of the realm. Layered upon the traditional fourth estate (the press), new media channels - driven by digitally networked individuals and groups - have largely sidestepped propaganda and governmental control, to curate participatory communication, real-time mobilisation, and drive advocacy for attitudinal re-orientation and community development. This study adopts a qualitative methodology using a descriptive approach and is underpinned by the Networked Public Sphere Theory (Yochai Benkler) and Media Convergence Theory (Henry Jenkins). It interrogates the use of social media platforms such as Facebook, X (formerly Twitter), TikTok, Instagram, YouTube, Snapchat and WhatsApp in facilitating hashtag activism (#), video call-outs, podcasts, photographs, animations, text-based content and live streaming to share real-time information and reactions for mass mobilisation. These practices activate citizen journalism by upholding the principle of collective intelligence, expanding democratic participation and amplifying marginalised voices through the connection of local issues to global audiences. The findings underscore the necessity for virtual complementation of traditional communication systems, as new media has become a crucial alternative platform for civic engagement and social change - towering as a formidable stratum in the power structure and social hierarchy of the society, and thus deserving recognition as the fifth estate of the realm.
New Media, Communication, Multimedia, Social Media, Advocacy
RONALD DWORKIN’S CONCEPTUALIZATION OF LAW AND THE REFUTATION OF LEGAL POSITIVISM
There have always been disagreements among philosophers on the right conceptualization of law, especially in relation to morality. While the separation thesis of the legal positivists tends to make strong waves, Ronald Dworkin’s conceptualization of law as integrity, presents a strong opposition to the said thesis. This study employs analytic and hermeneutic methods to expose the major claims of Dworkin’s conceptualization of law and its refutation of legal positivism. Legal positivism first and foremost strives to understand what the law is. It is a theory about the nature of law, and not about the obligation to obey it. The question of whether there is an obligation to obey the law is a separate kind of question, in philosophical jurisprudence, introduced by Dworkin, one which is quite obviously moral. To what extent will the Dworkinian position be proven as true forms the major problem of this study. This study thus provides a theoretical forum for a middle ground between natural law theory and legal positivism. It finds that holding firmly to the positivists’ principle of law as “what it posits” would warrant us to hold a crime as acceptable in the face of this principle.
Law, positivism, naturalism, integrity of law, interpretivism, judicial discretion
Prof. BonaChristus Umeogu; Dr. Anthony M. Ogbuishi
ISSUES IN CYBER-SECURITY ADMINISTRATION: LESSONS FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRY LIKE NIGERIA
Today almost all modern services rely on the usage of ICTs, including electricity generation, transportation networks, military forces, and logistics. However, the increasing dependence on ICTs makes service providers more vulnerable to attacks against vital infrastructures. Thus, it was on this note that this paper was set up to explore the issues in cyber-security administration from the prism of developing countries nay Nigeria. The methodology was based on a review of published articles, books, and journals to conclude the contemporary issues and challenges militating cyber security administration. The paper argued that while the ICT sector is in constant advancement, the volume and sophistication of cyber-attacks are also increasing. As a result, many government institutions face challenges in controlling cyber-attacks. It was further argued among others that the Nigerian National Cyber Security Policy and Strategy possess the required contents expected to be typically contained in such document, unfortunately, certain aspects that appear to be critical to the Nigerian scenario such as an explanation of the current national cyber security state, partnership with internet service providers, the establishment of digital identity frameworks, etc. were utterly absent. The paper concluded that given the growing sophistication of cyber-attacks, cyber security is a necessary consideration for individuals, businesses, and governments. Thus the paper recommended (amongst others) that the process of cyber security is continuous; it must be continuously updated. As new programs and cyber intruders develop and exploit new vulnerabilities in computer programs and systems, the relevant stakeholders and defenders have a continuous struggle to defeat their attempts.
Cyber Security, Cyber Crime, Administration, Issues & Developing Countries
Diyoke Michael Chika; Ogboke, Eberechukwu Odichinma; Awogu Charles Olisa
A RELIGIO-SOCIO ASSESSMENT OF IGBO NAMING CEREMONY AMONG THE ANAEDO PEOPLE OF IGBO ANAMBRA STATE
The present researcher undertook an ethnographic assessment of the Igbo naming ceremony in Anaedo Anambra state. The aim was to identify the vector quantities implicated in the practice of this ceremony as well as the symbolic acts and fixed expressions that constitute the fabric of the ritual process of the iba nwa afa (naming) ceremony. Also explored were the principal myths underpinning its practices and the extent to which the study of the ceremony could be used as a ladder into achieving a holistic understanding of the basic tenets of Igbo religion. The research paper argued that it is by means of this ceremony that a newly born Anaedo child gets to become defined as an individual human being through the ritual act of being assigned a name by which to identify him or her in the course of his or her earthly existence. Hence, the findings of this research confirm Horton’s assumption that the benefit tenets of African Traditional Religion could be discovered through a comprehensive study of the important rituals and ceremonies of the various African peoples. Both primary and secondary methods of data collection were executed in this paper.
Prof. Jude E. Madu & Nzukoh, Aloysius Okechukwu
CONTEXTUAL TRANSLATION OF ORAL PERFORMANCE: TRANSLATION OF SELECT IGBO FOLKLORES
The need to retain the originality of oral performance during and after translation cannot be over emphasized. African oral literature scholars are faced with the burdening challenge of how to translate these rich and numerous oral performances without missing the link. In addition, it has been observed that these folklores are almost going into extinct. Therefore, rich scholarly contributions that will serve as a guideline for effective translation of the indigenous oral performance will be studied and adopted for the translation of some select Igbo folklores from Igbo language to English language. However, the research will pose secondarily, as a medium for documentation of some of the folklores for reference purpose. The research made use of qualitative research methodology. It is highly recommended that more translations of indigenous oral performances such as folklore should be encouraged because it will serve as a means of documentation since these folklores are almost going extinct.
Oral performance, Contextual, Folklore, Translation, Traditional African
STYLES ET TECHNIQUES NARRATIVES DE DISCOURS MEDICAL DANS EN COMPAGNIES DES HOMMES DE VERONIQUE TADJO ET CONTOURS DU JOUR QUI VIENT DE LEONORA MIANO
La pratique de la médecine est aussi ancienne que le monde. De nombreux romans africains francophones discutent la santé, les maladies et des malades sous forme de thèmes majeurs ou mineurs, Malgré cela, il existe peu des critiques littéraires sur les styles et techniques narratives de discours médical des romans Africains Francophones. Cela a en effet produit une marginalisation d’éducation sur le sujet, ce qui entrave les développements économiques, et socio- politiques des sociétés africaines. L’objectif de cette recherche est de fournir des connaissances approfondies sur les styles et techniques narratives de discours médical des romans de ces auteurs à fin de combler le vide de marginalisation d’éducation sur le sujet. Notre recherche a révélé que les auteurs de notre corpus ont utilisé le réalisme social et magique comme techniques narratives pour projeter le discours médical dans leurs oeuvres. L'utilisation des métaphores et des symboles dans le corpus, associée à leurs techniques narratives, a aidé ces auteurs à contribuer à la guérison sociale qui favorise la construction de la nation. La théorie sociocritique est utilisée dans l'analyse de cette technique narrative qui montre les relations sociales. L'étude met en lumière l'importance de cette technique narrative et la manière dont elle contribue à éveiller la conscience du lecteur à ses propres expériences dans la société et aux conséquences de ses actions ou inactions.
Styles, technique, narratives, discours, médical
Augustina Orie Ndu; Prof. Theodora Onuko
Literary Studies in the 21st Century: Practical Implication for Ethnic Conflict and Conflict Resolution Using Cyprian Ekwensi’s Iska
Ekwensi preoccupied himself with contemporary issues in the Nigerian Society, probably more than any other Nigerian writer. His novel Iska, set in the North, captures vividly the ethnic conflict situation in Nigeria. He guides the reader through his characters to the root causes of ethnic conflict or violence in Nigeria and the likely solutions to the conflicts. This paper examined the causes of ethnic conflict or violence among Nigerian ethnic groups as expressed in the text, Iska, and showed ways in which they could be clarified and possibly resolved. The paper tried to find out whether the text or the novel could be relevant in conflict resolution, whether it could capture the conflict incidents that ordinarily a researcher will go to the field to investigate, and whether the pieces of information in the text could come in handy in conflict resolution. The major objective of this paper was to prove that fiction can be relevant in conflict resolution in Nigeria. New Historicism and Instrumentalism came in handy in the conceptual framework with regard to theories and critical analysis. The method that was used in the process of doing this paper was largely inductive and deductive and references were made to empirical researches that supported the ground for the inductive and deductive methods used.
Ethnic conflict, Ethnic groups, Ethnic violence, Nigerian Society, Values
Ile, Onyebuchi James (Ph.D Muenster, Germany)
IGBO AUTOMOBILE TERMINOLOGY: A PANACEA FOR EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION IN MECHANIC WORKSHOPS IN SOUTH-EAST NIGERIA
Effective communication between all stakeholders holds the key to smooth operations, qualitative service delivery and customer satisfaction at automobile mechanic workshops. It enhances team collaboration. It increases efficiency and productivity, leads to improved customer satisfaction, better conflict resolution and improved safety and quality control, among other benefits. Communication at automobile mechanic workshops in the South-East of Nigeria has been anything but effective, due mainly to the deficiency of many Igbo mechanic youths in the use of English. This study adopted a mixed method approach- relying on written literature sources, observations and responses from oral interviews, to reflect and report on the barriers to effective communication in the aforementioned region. The study reveals lack of standardized communication practices and misinterpretation of customers’ needs, as well as a correlation between communication challenges and workshop performance, identifying as causes, the inability of many, including mechanics of Igbo origin, deficient in English, to express themselves in Igbo, due to lack or paucity of equivalent terms for the expression of many automobile concepts in Igbo. it concludes that effective communication is essential for the smooth operation of automobile mechanic workshops in the South-East of Nigeria, and recommends the development of a bilingual (English-Igbo ) glossary of comprehensive automobile terminology.
Automobile Terminology, Automobile Mechanics, Communication Barriers, Mechanic Workshops, Automobile Concepts, Bilingual Glossary
Emeka Innocent Iwunze; Mary Chinturu Adindu; Helen Chijiago Echebima
DECLINE IN PRODUCTIVITY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED ENTERPRISES (SMEs) AT THE EMERGENCE OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN NIGERIA
COVID-19 virus was first confirmed in the country on 27th February, 2020. This paper examines the productivity decline of small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria at the emergence of covid-19 virus. It had a rapid human to human contact which wreaked havoc by raising public health concerns and devastated the economy, and as a result small scale businesses experienced a decline in business activities at the emergence, as operations were halted, to respect the “no movement order” and there was the inability to implement preventive health measures such as sanitisers, hand washing equipment, on-site lodging for employees, there was also in existence the fear of contacting the virus. These preventive measures resulted in an increase in operations for businesses that stayed open. Ulrich Beck’s Risk Society, Manuel Castell’s Network Society and the theory of change were employed to buttress the fact that covid-19 had brought about a decline in operations and productivity of SMEs and it has further brought about the impoverished state of individuals. The emergence of the corona virus pandemic and resultant lockdowns has cast a heavy toll on SMEs, in particular young firms and start-ups, the self-employed, as well as women-led or minority-owned businesses, lockdown measures affected low sales among the enterprises, particularly the problems of logistics blocks, labor shortages, and drops in demand, 80 percent of SMEs temporarily closed. The paper documented how SMEs were at the center of the disruptions at the start of the pandemic. This paper thus recommends that despite the significant struggles that SMEs have faced, the government response to the COVID-19 pandemic can help nurture a positive, resilient, and sustainable future for small businesses in Nigeria and also SMEs should consider adopting digital marketing to minimise the negative effect of pandemic. There is the need to address social protection approaches (such as palliative measures) which can help to cushion the effect on the pandemic on the Small and Medium Scale Enterprise in Nigeria.
covid-19 pandemic, decline in productivity, Nigeria, SMEs.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND CREATIVITY: IS AI REALLY CREATIVE?
The field of Artificial Intelligence has been marked by great optimism about the possibility of not only a humanoid AI but also an ultra-intelligent AI that surpasses human intelligence and creativity. Attributes such as thinking, desire, and imagination -that were hitherto exclusive to humans and only metaphorically applicable to organic non-humans are today shown to be real attributes of non-organic, material Artificial Intelligence. Creativity is one of these attributes he optimism for computational creativity has been on the ascendance given the unprecedented quantum of breakthroughs that have continued to attend the field of Artificial Intelligence in recent times, making impressive overtures in the creative fields of music, designs, architecture, visual arts, literature, medicine, research, etc. It is increasingly begging the question of what it means to be a creator in an age of artificial creativity and what is the essential element of creativity. This is even more, especially today there is the preponderance of –machine learning specifically deep learning –which uses the layered structure of algorithms in the imitation of the neural structure of the human brain and whose ascendance has been given impetus to with access to the umbrage amount of computational power and digitized training data. The work is therefore set to respond to the question of whether machine creativity is really creative. It does this using the methods of analysis and hermeneutics by critically looking at the claims of computational creativity. In its philosophic engagement with the concept of creativity and the creative process in general, it discovers that creativity is a conscious intentional act that involves freedom and autonomy, intentionality and understanding, and imaginative thinking. Notwithstanding the controversies that surround many of these concepts, the research finds that these concepts can hardly be rooted in materialism which is the building block of Artificial Intelligence. It thus describes AI creativity in terms of an optimization, and augmentation, of existing human creativity.
POLITICS OF IMPEACHMENT: A CRITIQUE OF THE NIGERIA EXAMPLE
The act of impeachment has been used by the Nigeria Legislature as a tool to remove political office holders who are found wanting constitutionally. Thus, the concept of impeachment, in common law, is a proceeding instituted by a legislative body to address serious misconduct by a public official. However, the application of impeachment and its process in the Nigerian context has repeatedly shown to be misapplied or abused, and has continuously remained a misnomer in the Nigerian political space. This work, therefore, looks critically at the abuse of the impeachment process in the political history of Nigeria, which is an impediment to national development, and how to proffer solution to it. It sees the indiscriminate cases of impeachment permeating the political scene as an obstruction to good governance, and thus, misused to foster narrow political affiliations, instead of serving to ameliorate a major problem in the Presidential system, which is to remove poorly performing chief executives. The study made use of the case study approach and documentary method thereby relying on secondary sources to critically examine the eventual reoccurrence of the ugly trend of politics of impeachment in the Nigeria democratic journey with its associated irrational and unreasonable abuse of the process by the stakeholders. The paper makes some recommendations to forestall such unbecoming tirade in Nigeria political arena. Students of law profession, the legislature, the judiciary, historians, and political scientists have a lot to benefit from this study towards the realization of good governance and sustainable democracy in Nigeria.
Impeachment, Politics, Nigeria, Legislature, Office holders, Constitution
Patriarchy and Oppression: A study of Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart and Buchi Emecheta’s Second Class Citizen
Africa is predominately a patriarchal society engineered by her traditional culture. This article examines the portrayal of patriarchal roles in African society as depicted in Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart and Buchi Emecheta’s Second Class Citizen. Through a comparative analysis of these seminal works of African literature, the article explores how patriarchy manifests and is challenged within the cultural and historical contexts of Nigeria. Drawing upon the deconstruction of gender theory and womanism theory, the study elucidates the complex dynamics of gender, power, and resistance in African communities, shedding light on the enduring legacy of patriarchy and its implications for women's lives.
EUTHANASIA: ETHICAL, LEGAL, AND SOCIETAL PERSPECTIVES
This study aims to comprehensively analyze the ethical, legal, and societal dimensions surrounding euthanasia, filling a critical gap in understanding the complexities of end-of-life care. The focus lies on elucidating the historical context, ethical underpinnings, legal frameworks, and societal considerations pertinent to euthanasia debates. Through a qualitative methodology integrating anthropological, historical, cultural, and social approaches, the research aims to provide a vivid exploration of diverse perspectives and experiences related to euthanasia. By synthesizing primary sources such as direct observations and verbal interactions with secondary sources comprising academic literature and online resources, this study aims to offer a nuanced understanding of euthanasia's multifaceted nature. The gap filled by this research lies in its comprehensive approach to navigating the intricate ethical dilemmas and legal complexities surrounding euthanasia, thereby contributing to informed discourse and policymaking in the sensitive domain of end-of-life care.
Euthanasia, Ethics, Legal frameworks, Societal considerations, End-of-life care, Autonomy
Ifeanyi A. Chukwudebelu; Dr Wilson Ejiofor Anowia; Nganwuchu Geoffrey Chiazo, PhD; Ven. Dr. Geoffrey Chidebem Molokwu; Daniel O. Chukwudebelu
THE FIGHT AGAINST COVID-19 IN NIGERIA: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health issue, though, Nigeria has its own experience of fighting it. From Wuhan in China to the rest of the world, the Nigerian government was not expediently proactive in preventing the scourge until it landed on its soil. This is the bane of the situation. This paper avails a secondary approach to collecting its data for this study while adopting qualitative/descriptive analysis to examine and analyse the chain of events during the pandemic. As to the purpose of this study, this paper unravels a number of issues and challenges confronted while arresting the spread of the virus. The position of this paper, therefore, is for the government, which is saddled with the responsibility to protect the lives and property of its citizenry, sheathe levity and partisanship while tackling an outbreak such as this in the future.
Covid-19, Pandemic, Issues, Nigeria, Global health
Economic Growth and Cultural Heritage: A Study of the Igbo Apprenticeship System as a tool for Youth Empowerment and Poverty Alleviation in the film, Afamefuna
This study examines the connection between economic growth and cultural heritage of the Igbo people through a detailed analysis of the Igbo apprenticeship system as seen in the film, Afamefuna. The Igbo apprenticeship system, known as "Igba-boi," is a traditional mechanism for youth empowerment and poverty alleviation among the Igbo people of Nigeria. This study examines how the system fosters entrepreneurial skills, financial independence, and social mobility, contributing to broader economic growth and development. By providing a structured path from apprenticeship to business ownership, Igba-boi not only promotes the cultural heritage of the Igbo people but also addresses modern economic challenges. The film Afamefuna serves as a case study to illustrate these dynamics, showcasing real-life examples of young individuals who have successfully transitioned from apprentices to business leaders. Through qualitative analysis of the film and characters, this study highlights the effectiveness of cultural practices in promoting sustainable economic growth and reducing poverty. The findings of this study underscore the importance of integrating traditional systems with contemporary economic strategies to enhance youth empowerment and foster development. This study recommends the need for a concerted effort to extend the benefits of the IAS beyond the region by nationalizing its practices. Such a move could potentially enhance economic growth and development across the entire country.
Igbo Apprenticeship System, Indigenous Entrepreneurship, Sustainability, Igba Boi/Bonyi
AFRICA-FRANCE RELATIONS SINCE 1945: “PLUS ÇA CHANGE, PLUS C’EST LA MÊME CHOSE”
The French colonial empire did not survive the Second Great War of the twentieth century. However, unlike the British, the French suffered a crushing military defeat at the hands of the Nazis. The greater tragedy done to France, however, was not in the military defeat but, in fact, in the loss of its economy and its support systems. About 400,000 buildings were destroyed, and five times that number was damaged. The country's infrastructure was rendered comatose, and industrial and agricultural production was running at just 40% of what it had been pre-war. As the French citizens looked up to De Gaulle’s government for help, the postwar French state looked up to its African colonies for resources to rebuild the economy. This profoundly impacted the relations between France and Africa. Scholars of Africa’s international relations have examined this discourse but often reason that the independence of French African colonies reclaimed African agency in the relations between Africa and France. In this study, evidence is provided that the basics of Africa-French relations have fundamentally remained the same since 1945. The thrust of the paper is captured in the statement: “the more things change, the more they remain the same.”
France-Africa relations, neoliberalism, Pre carre, post-war Africa and Decolonization
Effective Approaches to Tackle Digital Piracy in the Media and Entertainment Industry
This case study explores the pervasive issue of digital piracy within the media and entertainment industry, analyzing its impact on revenue, intellectual property rights, and consumer behavior. With the rise of online platforms and easy access to pirated content, creators and distributors face significant challenges in safeguarding their work. This paper examines various approaches that industry stakeholders have adopted to mitigate the effects of piracy, including technological innovations, legal frameworks, and consumer education. By assessing the effectiveness of these strategies, the research aims to provide insights into best practices and recommend comprehensive solutions that balance accessibility and protection for content creators. A doctrinal methodology was adopted in carrying out this research. This involves both library and desk research. A detailed and comprehensive review of statutes, case laws, conventions, text books, journals, articles, conference papers, internet and other legal literature has been made. Also, the methodology adopted in this research is descriptive and analytical because the work evaluated the current state of digital piracy in the media and entertainment industry and suggests best practices to tackle the issue. By using Canada and the United States of America as case studies, this research contributes to the ongoing discourse on how to foster a sustainable media ecosystem while addressing the challenges posed by digital piracy.
RESOLVING MARITIME CONFLICTS: LESSONS FROM THE NIGERIA-CAMEROON BAKASSI PENINSULA DISPUTE
The maritime conflict between Nigeria and Cameroon over the Bakassi Peninsula represents a significant case study in international territorial disputes. Historically, the Bakassi Peninsula, rich in oil and fishery resources, has been a point of contention, culminating in a prolonged legal and diplomatic struggle adjudicated by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in 2002. The ruling favored Cameroon, leading to the eventual transfer of sovereignty in 2008. This study addresses the problem of persistent maritime disputes in Africa and the challenges in implementing international legal decisions. The objectives are to analyze the root causes of the conflict, evaluate the legal and diplomatic resolution processes, and extract lessons for future conflict resolution and trans-boundary water cooperation. Using a qualitative methodology, this research examines historical documents, legal texts, and interviews with key stakeholders involved in the dispute. The research findings reveal that effective conflict resolution requires a combination of legal adjudication, diplomatic negotiation, and robust mechanisms for post-conflict cooperation. The Bakassi case underscores the importance of international law and regional cooperation in managing maritime disputes and promoting peace and stability in Africa.
Maritime conflicts, trans-boundary water cooperation, Nigeria-Cameroon relations, Bakassi Peninsula dispute, conflict resolution
Onyendi, Goodness Chinaza Nelvin; Dr. Agomuo Kevin Obinna