A PHILOSOPHICAL APPRAISAL OF XENOPHOBIA AS A STUMBLING BLOCK TO THE QUEST FOR NIGERIA’S UNITY

Abstract

The key role of unity among individuals, societies, nations, and countries in achieving desirable social order and holistic development is not contestable. In line with this position, many thinkers who seek solutions to Nigeria’s developmental crises often identify the unity of the Nigerian peoples—epitomized by the maxim “One Nigeria”—as a prerequisite for effective development and sustainable progress. These thinkers frequently attribute the challenges of Nigerian unity and underdevelopment to the historical antecedents of colonialism and neo-colonialism. However, less emphasis appears to be placed on the negative role of xenophobia in undermining the quest for national unity. Employing the method of phenomenological exposition and philosophical analysis of political issues and events in Nigeria, this paper argues that xenophobia constitutes a major stumbling block to the attainment of unity among Nigeria’s diverse peoples. It observes that, among other causes, the lack of proper knowledge of the unique identities and cultural heritages of Nigeria’s various ethnic groups remains a fundamental trigger of xenophobic attitudes and actions. Consequently, the paper recommends the establishment of a specialized Nigerian Orientation Agency with broad membership drawn from the country’s ethnic, economic, cultural, and religious communities. Such an agency would be responsible for rationally articulating and disseminating knowledge about the self-identity, history, and values of the different ethnic groups in Nigeria. As the saying goes, “the fear of the unknown is far greater than the fear of the known.” Increased knowledge and awareness of one another’s identities will significantly reduce xenophobic tendencies. It will also predispose Nigerians to a collective healing process from the damage already caused by xenophobic actions, thereby contributing meaningfully to the promotion of unity and national development.