MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
The Multidisciplinary Journal of Management and Social Sciences (ISSN: 3043-6427; E-ISSN: 3043-6419) is a peer-reviewed, open-access academic journal dedicated to the dissemination of high-quality research across a diverse range of disciplines within management and the social sciences. The journal provides a vibrant platform for scholars, researchers, policy-makers, and practitioners to share insights, empirical findings, and theoretical advancements that address contemporary issues in society and organizational life. It is a blind peer review journal domiciled in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria. The journal is indexed on Google Scholar.
INFLUENCER MARKETING AND BRAND LOVE: YOUNG CONSUMERS PERCEPTION OF CONSUMER GOODS ENDORSERS
This study explores the impact of influencer marketing on brand love among young consumers, Anambra Nigeria, and specifically within the consumer goods sector. The study applied a survey-based design, targeting a sample size of 394 students through convenient sampling. The questionnaire, divided into sections addressing demographic information and brand engagement factors, measured three influencer marketing variables (engagement marketing, attractiveness, and relevance) and their influence on brand love. Using regression analysis, the study found that both engagement marketing and influencer relevance significantly and positively impact brand love. Students who felt engaged by personalized, interactive content from influencers were more likely to develop strong positive feelings toward phone accessory brands. Similarly, influencer relevance—measured by factors like follower count, authenticity, and platform suitability—was a crucial determinant of brand love, as consumers responded more favorably to influencers who seemed credible and aligned with the brand’s values. In contrast, influencer attractiveness, although often emphasized in marketing, showed a minimal effect on brand love in this context, suggesting that consumers value authenticity and relevance over physical appeal or celebrity status when forming emotional connections with brands. These findings offer practical insights for marketers in the phone accessory industry and beyond. They highlight the importance of selecting influencers who resonate with the target audience and prioritize authentic, engaging content that aligns with the brand’s identity. For brands aiming to build consumer loyalty and lasting brand love, strategies should focus on cultivating influencers who can authentically engage audiences rather than solely relying on influencer popularity or physical appeal. By leveraging influencers who share values with their brand and maintain genuine interactions with their followers, companies can enhance brand love, fostering stronger consumer-brand relationships that extend beyond transactional exchanges.
Engagement marketing, Attractiveness, Relevance and Brand love
LOCAL LABOUR MARKET CONDITIONS AND TRANSITION TO VOCATIONAL TRAINING IN NIGERIA
This study examined the influence of local labour market conditions on transitions into vocational training in Nigeria, with particular attention to how labour market realities shape enrolment decisions, the role of employment opportunities and skill demand, and the barriers and facilitators affecting participation. Using a descriptive survey research design, data were collected from 220 respondents comprising vocational trainees, unemployed youths, training centre administrators, and labour officials, selected through stratified random sampling to ensure proportional representation. Data were gathered using a structured questionnaire measured on a four-point Likert scale and analysed using mean scores and standard deviations, while hypotheses were tested using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA). The findings indicated that local labour market conditions were significantly associated with vocational training decisions, as respondents agreed that factors such as job availability, wage levels, and industrial growth influenced their enrolment choices (mean scores ranging from 2.98 to 3.04; SD < 1.00). Employment-related opportunities, including internships, job placement prospects, and high demand for skilled labour, were also found to be positively associated with increased uptake of vocational training programmes (mean scores ranging from 3.02 to 3.05). In contrast, barriers such as limited access to training centres, high programme costs, and cultural expectations were found to constrain participation, while facilitators including mentorship, policy support, and incentives enhanced engagement. MANCOVA results revealed statistically significant relationships between labour market conditions and enrolment decisions (F = 9.42, p < 0.001), employment opportunities and vocational training uptake (F = 8.21, p < 0.001), and labour market barriers and successful transitions into vocational training (F = 8.87, p < 0.001). The study therefore concludes that structural, cultural, and economic factors jointly shape vocational training participation in Nigeria. It recommends expanding access to vocational training, aligning programmes with local labour market needs, strengthening mentorship initiatives, and reducing financial barriers in order to enhance skills acquisition and employability.
This study employs an integrative geospatial assessment to examine the spatial and temporal implications of rural depopulation on agricultural productivity in Igunshin, Ondo West Local Government Area, Ondo State, Nigeria. Land-use and land-cover (LULC) transitions were classified and analysed using multi-temporal Landsat datasets spanning 2000–2025, with advanced remote sensing and GIS techniques applied in ENVI 5.6 and ArcGIS Pro 3.0 environments. Supervised classification using the Maximum Likelihood Algorithm, supported by accuracy assessments exceeding 85%, enabled precise delineation of agricultural land, built-up areas, vegetation, and open spaces. The results reveal a significant decline in agricultural land, which decreased from 14.76 km² (13.01%) in 2000 to 7.27 km² (6.41%) in 2025, while vegetative cover increased from 52.78% to 79.80%. Built-up areas expanded modestly up to 2010 but declined sharply thereafter, indicating the spatial manifestation of rural depopulation. These dynamics highlight an inverse relationship between population decline and agricultural productivity, lending empirical support to the migration–productivity theoretical framework. The findings further indicate that sustained outmigration, an ageing rural population, and inadequate infrastructure development contribute to agrarian contraction and ecological reversion. The study concludes that agricultural productivity will continue to decline unless strategic rural revitalisation measures—such as youth agripreneurship promotion, infrastructure investment, and integrated land-use planning—are implemented. Overall, the study contributes to the broader discourse on rural spatial transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa by demonstrating the effectiveness of geospatial analytics in explaining the demographic determinants of agricultural sustainability.
Geospatial analysis, rural depopulation, agricultural productivity, land-use dynamics, Ondo West, Nigeria
OLALEYE O. M PhD; ADEYEMI B. A PhD, AGUN O. F PhD & OGUNBOYE A.A
NEGOTIATING UNITY IN DIVERSITY: POWER-SHARING AND NATION-BUILDING IN NIGERIA, 1999-2023
This study explores power sharing in a multi-ethnic state and its implications for nation-building, focusing on Nigeria from 1999 to 2023. The objective is to understand how mechanisms such as zoning, rotation, and the Federal Character Principle have been utilized to manage ethnic diversity and promote national unity. Using a qualitative methodology, the study draws on secondary sources, including academic literature, government reports, and media articles. A thematic approach is adopted to examine the effectiveness and challenges of these power-sharing arrangements. The findings indicate that while these mechanisms have helped mitigate ethnic tensions and ensure representation, they have also been affected by favoritism, regional imbalances, and political manipulation. Furthermore, regional agitations and insurgencies highlight the need for more inclusive and adaptable policies to achieve sustainable nation-building and national integration in Nigeria.
Power Sharing, Multi-Ethnic State, Nation-Building, Nigeria, Federal Character Principle
KANU, Ugochukwu O. Ph.D; Olua, Ngozi Emea
SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE INFORMAL AND FORMAL GOVERNANCE ARRANGEMENTS ON MINING COMMUNITIES IN TARABA STATE
This paper examines the socioeconomic and environmental consequences of formal and informal governance arrangements on mining activities in Taraba State, Nigeria. Mining in the region is characterized by a complex interplay between formal institutional frameworks and informal, community-based practices. Formal governance, which includes state regulations and policies, is often challenged by the pervasive influence of informal governance structures such as local power relations, customary laws, and informal networks of miners. These governance arrangements shape the trajectory of mining activities, influencing both socioeconomic outcomes and environmental sustainability. The paper adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data on mining revenues, employment, and environmental degradation with qualitative data obtained through interviews and questionnaires to capture the local dynamics of governance. The findings reveal that informal governance structures, while sometimes more effective in enforcing local norms, frequently prioritize short-term economic gains over long-term sustainability. This results in environmental degradation, resource depletion, and the marginalization of vulnerable communities. Socioeconomically, the findings indicate that mining contributes to local economic growth by providing livelihoods and supporting infrastructure development; however, it also exacerbates inequality and creates dependence on a volatile sector. The environmental consequences include deforestation, water contamination, and soil erosion, which remain largely unmitigated under existing governance mechanisms. The paper therefore recommends the strict enforcement of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) regulations by the Taraba State Government to mitigate the adverse environmental consequences of mining on host communities within the state.
socio-economic, environmental, consequences, mining, Taraba state
Manga, Joseph; Tukura, Nashuka Tino, PhD
POLICY AND STRUCTURAL BARRIERS TO INDUSTRIAL REVITALIZATION IN NIGERIA’S SOUTH-EAST: EVIDENCE FROM MORIBUND MANUFACTURING FIRMS
This study examined the policy and structural barriers hindering the revitalization of moribund manufacturing industries in Nigeria’s South-East, with a focus on Aba Textile Mills, Modern Ceramics (Umuahia), Nigercem Cement Factory, and Standard Shoe Factory Owerri. The research aimed to determine the extent to which regulatory and licensing challenges affect industrial revitalization, assess how tax burden and multiple taxation influence revival prospects, and evaluate the impact of inadequate power supply on operational capacity. A descriptive survey design was employed, and data were collected using a structured four-point Likert-scale questionnaire administered to 150 managers and policymakers across the selected industries. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics—frequency, percentage, and mean scores—while multiple regression analysis was used to test the three hypotheses. The findings revealed that regulatory and licensing barriers significantly impeded revitalization efforts, with regression results indicating R = 0.641, R² = 0.411, p = 0.000. Tax burden and multiple taxation also exerted a strong negative influence on industrial revival, reflected in R = 0.693, R² = 0.480, p = 0.000. Inadequate power supply demonstrated the strongest effect on operational capacity, with R = 0.721, R² = 0.520, p = 0.000, indicating that 52% of variations in industrial performance were explained by power-related constraints. The study concluded that industrial decline in the South-East is driven largely by regulatory inefficiencies, fiscal pressures, and severe infrastructural weaknesses, particularly unstable electricity supply. It recommended regulatory reforms, a reduction of multiple taxation, and substantial investment in power infrastructure as key strategies to stimulate industrial revival.
Industrial Revitalization, Policy and Structural Barriers, Manufacturing Decline, South-East Nigeria
AN APPRAISAL OF THE USE OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION IN PROMOTING ESSENTIAL FAMILY PRACTICES AMONG WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
This study appraised the use of interpersonal communication in promoting Essential Family Practices (EFP) among women of reproductive age in Anambra State, Nigeria. Given that both a mother and her unborn child face increased risks of illness and death if she becomes pregnant before the age of 18 or after the age of 35, the study is predicated on the idea that EFP should be a universal health policy under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Grounded in the Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DOI), the study aimed to determine whether respondents were familiar with the use of interpersonal communication strategies to promote and scale up EFP, and whether the campaign had a significant impact on respondents’ attitudes towards EFP. A total of 398 women of reproductive age were randomly selected from the population of women in Anambra State, located in Nigeria’s South East, using quantitative survey techniques. The total population of the study area was 2,281,688. The researcher used a questionnaire as the research instrument, and results were presented in simple frequency distribution tables. Findings revealed a significant correlation between interpersonal communication and the promotion of EFP among respondents, as well as a significant positive relationship between interpersonal communication and the practice of Essential Family Practices. It is therefore concluded that interpersonal communication plays a crucial role in health promotion. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that interpersonal communication in health programmes should be strengthened and complemented with other participatory communication paradigms to achieve policy objectives.
Interpersonal, communication, Promotion, Essential, Family, Practices
ENEOME, CHINWEOKWU EUGENIA; OKEKE, ONYEKA FRANCIS; OBIORA, PATIENCE AKUNNA
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE POLICE IN CURBING THE MENACE OF UNKNOWN GUNMEN IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
The menace of unknown gunmen in Anambra State is a very serious problem that requires collective effort to curb. These gunmen have carried out several destructive activities in every location they have visited, sparing no one from their acts of violence. They are also believed to be responsible for sustaining the sit-at-home phenomenon in the south-eastern region of Nigeria. This paper investigated the effectiveness of the police in curbing the menace of unknown gunmen in Anambra State. The Broken Windows Theory provided the theoretical framework for the study. A mixed methods research design was adopted, employing both questionnaires and in-depth interviews (IDIs) as instruments for data collection. The questionnaire was administered to 378 respondents, while 8 participants were purposively selected for the in-depth interviews. The findings revealed that the strategies adopted by the police in combating the unknown gunmen were not effective. Collaboration between the police and other security agencies in addressing gun violence was also found to be poor. The study further identified the major challenges faced by the police, including inadequate funding, insufficient manpower, lack of modern equipment, and poor infrastructure to support effective policing. The paper recommended, among other measures, the building of trust between law enforcement and host communities to enhance intelligence gathering on potential threats. It also recommended the use of modern technologies such as surveillance cameras, drones, and data analytics to significantly improve the police’s capacity to monitor crime hotspots and respond swiftly to incidents involving gunmen.
Police, Unknown Gunmen, Insecurity, Community policing and Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB)
Godwin Oliver Osadolor & Dr. Clement Emeka Ikezue
THE “NO VICTOR, NO VANQUISHED” MANTRA AND THE CHALLENGES OF NATIONAL INTEGRATION IN NIGERIA SINCE THE END OF THE NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR IN 1970
This study interrogates the “No Victor, No Vanquished” mantra proclaimed by General Yakubu Gowon at the end of the Nigeria–Biafra War in 1970, with particular attention to its implications for post-war reconciliation and national integration. The research aims to examine how the Federal Military Government’s post-war policies—embodied in the programmes of rehabilitation, reconstruction, and reconciliation—sought to translate the rhetoric of unity into practical governance and to evaluate their success and shortcomings in rebuilding inter-group trust. The study adopts a historical–analytical methodology, relying on qualitative content analysis of primary and secondary documentary sources such as government decrees, policy statements, academic monographs, and archival materials. Findings reveal that while the slogan “No Victor, No Vanquished” was conceived as a moral and political instrument for healing national wounds, its implementation was fraught with contradictions. Policies such as the Public Officers (Special Provisions) Decree No. 46 of 1970, the Banking Obligations (Eastern States) Decree, and the handling of abandoned properties generated perceptions of marginalisation and inequality that undermined genuine reconciliation. The study concludes that the mantra, though rhetorically unifying, failed to produce substantive national integration due to weak institutional follow-through, uneven policy enforcement, and the absence of inclusive justice mechanisms.
National Integration; Nigeria–Biafra War; Reconciliation; Post-war Policy; Gowon Mantra.
FINANCIAL INCLUSION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA
This study examined the effect of financial inclusion on economic growth in Nigeria, spanning the period 1986 to 2023. An ex-post facto research design was employed to investigate variables such as credit to the private sector, interest rate and inflation as indicator variables for financial inclusion against economic growth. Using Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test. The results revealed a mixed order of integration, which justifies the use of the ARDL bounds testing approach. The findings of this study suggested that financial inclusion variables exerted a strong and statistically significant positive effect on economic growth in Nigeria, both in the short run and in the long run. Conversely, the evidence suggested that credit to the private sector, interest rates, and inflation do not exert long-run influence. We recommended that financial sector regulators should adopt incentive mechanisms to encourage banks to establish more branches in areas with low financial penetration prioritizing literacy campaigns to equip citizens with the knowledge of inflation and interest rate. In addition, fostering innovation through financial technology can complement traditional banking by offering low-cost, scalable financial solutions that extend the reach of financial services and reduce the burden of physical infrastructure expansion.
Financial Inclusion, Economic Growth and ARDL
SALES DIGITALIZATION AND SALES PERFORMANCE OF B2B SALESPERSONS IN NIGERIA
This research seeks to ascertain the effect of sales digitalization on sales and customer relationship performance. Specifically, this study examines how salesforce automation, social media use, customer relationship management technology, and artificial intelligence affect sales and customer relationship performance. Also, the test mediating effect of Sales-Service ambidexterity on the relationship between sales digitalization and performance. Based on the positivist philosophy, the study adopts a quantitative approach to sample 414 B2B salespeople. The non-probability sampling method involving convenience sampling and snowballing technique were used to collect data from the salespeople online and offline. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data, and the hypotheses were tested using Structural Equations Modeling - path analysis via AMOS v.23. The result showed that Salesforce automation has a positive and significant effect on sales and customer relationship performance; social media use has a positive and significant effect on sales and customer relationship performance. It was also found that customer relationship management predicts sales negatively and positively predicts customer relationship performance and artificial intelligence is negatively associated with sales and customer relationship performance. The implication for practice is discussed.
sales digitalization, social media use, artificial intelligence, salesforce automation, customer relationship management, performance
Dike, Vivian Obianuju; Ojiaku, Obinna Christian & Nwaizugbo Ireneus Chukwudi
LOCAL STONE QUARRYING AND YOUTH SOCIO-ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT IN RURAL COMMUNITIES OF OKIGWE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF IMO STATE, NIGERIA
Nature-given resources such as local stone quarries have become alternative means of livelihood among rural communities in Nigeria, particularly in Okigwe Local Government Area of Imo. State in particular. This paper therefore, examined local stone quarrying and the socio-economic empowerment of youths in rural communities in Okigwe local government area of Imo State, Nigeria. The study was guided by five research objectives, along with corresponding research questions and hypotheses. The population of the study was 193. The instruments for data collection included questionnaire and in-depth interview. The theoretical framework adopted for the study was the Environmental Factor Theory. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS), and Spearman's rank-order correlation was employed for hypotheses testing. A Cross section design was adopted. The findings revealed that local stone quarrying significantly empowered the youths both socially and economically. These benefits were observed in areas such as income generation and enhanced social relevance when compared to youths in other occupations. It also enabled them to embark on self-help projects such as building their houses and saving money to start businesses. Moreover, it discouraged their involvement in deviant behaviours and contributed to their psychological stable in their rural communities. It was recommended that the government should encourage them by donating periodically excavating tools such as digger, shovels among others.
Local Stone Quarry, Youths, Empowerment, Socio-Economic, Rural Community
Duru, Fidelia Amara PhD & Nwaugo, Valentine Chinonso PhD
INFLATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA
In this research, we examined the effect of inflation on output growth in Nigeria utilizing annualized data covering the period 1990 – 2023, which were obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin of various issues. This study employed ex-post research design. Some preliminary tests were performed to ensure data stationarity, and also ascertain how well the series were distributed. While Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) was adopted for the former, descriptive statistics explained the latter. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) technique was used to estimate the variables. Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) formed the dependent variable, Inflation Rate (INFR), Interest Rate, domestic investment and Exchange Rate (EXCHR) made up the independent variables. Statistical outcomes were interpreted based on a 5 percent level of significance. The regression results indicated that inflation and investment had a negative and non-significant effects on output growth (measured by RGDP), while interest rate and exchange rate had a positive effect for the period studied. We, therefore, recommend that government should adopt a sound monetary policy measure to control inflation, low interest rate to encourage domestic investment, managed float exchange rate for import dependent economy like Nigeria to improve GDP.
Inflation rate, Real Gross Domestic Product and OLS
DENOMINATIONAL CHRISTIANITY IN NIGERIA: ORIGINS, DYNAMICS, AND IMPLICATIONS
This study examines the origins, developmental causes, and implications of denominational Christianity in Nigeria. It posits that the country's diverse religious landscape is a complex product of multiple factors, including 19th-century missionary activities, British colonial policies, indigenous religious traditions, doctrinal differences, and charismatic leadership. Using Ecumenism and Cultural and Religious Pluralism as key theoretical frameworks, the research critically analyzes how this religious fragmentation has affected national unity and the Church’s collective mission. While denominationalism has fostered a vibrant spiritual environment, it has also generated unhealthy rivalries and divisions that threaten social cohesion. The study concludes that ongoing ecumenical efforts—exemplified by organizations such as the Christian Association of Nigeria (CAN)—are crucial for transforming religious diversity into a force for peace and national development, thereby moving Nigeria toward a state of reconciled diversity.
Ifeanyi A. Chukwudebelu & Onyeka W. Onuzulike
LA LITTÉRATURE ET LA RELIGION: UNE ÉTUDE DE RÉÉCRITURE BIBLIQUE CHEZ PAUL CLAUDEL, ANDRÉ GIDE ET ALBERT CAMUS
Cette communication vise à étudier la relation intertextuelle entre des oeuvres fictionnelles de trois auteurs français et la Bible. Il s’agit de montrer, en s’appuyant sur les catégories de Gérard Genette, comment la Bible est réécrite par Paul Claudel, André Gide, et Albert Camus. Le degré de l’hypertextualité dans les oeuvres étudiées va d’une réécriture massive à l’emploi des citations implicites. Chacun des textes fictionnels est aussi en relation paratextuelle avec le récit biblique : ce sont des textes narratifs ou dramatiques dont le titre déjà fait allusion aux Écritures. On examine trois formes du rapport au texte biblique et au christianisme : l’un est celui d’un fervent catholique, le deuxième celui d’un incroyant d’une église protestante et le troisième celui d’un incroyant d’église catholique. La Bible réécrite par Claudel met en scène un christianisme affirmatif alors que les réécritures de Gide et de Camus sont au contraire de la religion chrétienne.
Paul Claudel, André Gide, Albert Camus, intertextualité, Bible, Gérard Genette
INTERROGATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NIGERIAN SECURITY FORCES’ COUNTER-INSURGENCY STRATEGIES AGAINST BOKO HARAM IN NORTHEAST NIGERIA
The emergence of Boko Haram insurgents in Northeast Nigeria has led to the wanton loss of lives, livelihoods, and property on a devastating scale. This has significantly altered the dynamics of security operations in the country. In response, the Nigerian government has, since 2011, adopted various counter-insurgency strategies to combat Boko Haram terrorism (BHT) in the region. Since 2015, Boko Haram's activities appear to have declined, largely due to the implementation of these strategies by Nigerian security forces. To investigate this development, research objectives and questions were formulated to guide the study. These objectives were addressed using descriptive statistics, while inferential statistics were employed to gain deeper insights. A sample of 100 participants was selected, comprising serving and retired military personnel from the Nigerian Army, Navy, and Air Force. Additional participants included personnel from the Department of State Services (DSS), the Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF) in Northeast Nigeria, staff of the Ministry of Defence and the Defence Intelligence Agency, as well as members of the National Assembly Committees on the Army and Defence. Others included academics, staff of the Office of the National Security Adviser (ONSA), and representatives of security-based non-governmental organizations. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources, including literature, questionnaires, and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs). The questionnaire data were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, and mean scores to answer the research questions. Data from the KIIs were analyzed using thematic analysis, while Chi-square tests were conducted to test the hypotheses at the 0.05 significance level. The results of the Chi-square analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between the degradation of Boko Haram activities in the area of operations and the type of counter-insurgency strategy employed. The study found that the effectiveness of degrading Boko Haram operations was significantly influenced by the specific strategies used. It is recommended that the Federal Government and the military adopt an integrated approach that combines kinetic (military force) and non-kinetic (non-combat) strategies in counter-insurgency operations. The study concludes that the combined use of kinetic and non-kinetic strategies should be sustained by Nigerian security forces to ensure long-term success in the fight against insurgency.
Akinbile, I. O. ; Momodu, J. A. & Owonikoko, S. B.
TEACHERS’ INNOVATIVE CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AS PREDICTORS OF STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
This study examined teachers’ innovative classroom management practices as predictors of students’ academic performance in public secondary schools in Anambra State, Nigeria. Specifically, it explored the predictive value of instructional creativity, behavioural management strategies, and classroom organization techniques on students’ academic performance. The study was guided by three research questions and three null hypotheses and was anchored on Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory, which emphasizes the role of interactive and well-structured learning environments in fostering students’ development and performance. A correlational research design was adopted. The sample comprised 52 Senior Secondary II English Language teachers and 960 students, selected from 20 purposively chosen schools within the Awka and Nnewi Education Zones. Data were obtained using a structured teacher questionnaire and students’ official English Language achievement records. Simple regression analyses were employed for data interpretation. Findings revealed that instructional creativity, behavioural management strategies, and classroom organization techniques each significantly and positively predicted students’ academic performance. The study concluded that innovative classroom management is a key determinant of improved learning outcomes. It recommended sustained professional development for teachers, with emphasis on creative pedagogy, effective behavioural regulation, and systematic classroom organization to optimize students’ academic performance.
ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCE AND PERFORMANCE OF PLASTIC MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN ANAMBRA STATE
The study determined the relationship between entrepreneurial competencies on the performance of plastic manufacturing industries in Anambra state. The study adopted a descriptive survey design, which allows for effective statistical analysis without manipulating variables. The population comprised 1,648 employees from 15 selected plastic manufacturing firms across Anambra State. Using Borg and Gall’s (1973) formula, a sample size of 321 was determined and proportionally distributed across the firms. Data were collected using a researcher-designed questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale, while secondary data were sourced from textbooks, journals, and online databases. To ensure validity, experts in business administration reviewed the questionnaire. Reliability was confirmed through a pilot test and Cronbach’s Alpha, which yielded coefficients ranging from 0.71 to 0.92 across the constructs. Data analysis involved both descriptive (frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics, with Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation used to test hypotheses at a 5% significance level. The findings revealed that: entrepreneurial leadership styles have a positive relation to job satisfaction of plastic manufacturing firms in Anambra state (r = 0.847, at p .000<0.05); there is a significant relationship between entrepreneurial innovativeness and customers’ satisfaction of plastic manufacturing firms in Anambra state (r = 0.813, at p. 000<0.05). It was recommended that Government agencies, industry associations and educational institutions should collaborate to design and implement structured training programs focused on developing core entrepreneurial competencies.
Okeke, Amaka Ukamaka PhD & Anaehobi, Chimeremma Ebuka
A CRITICAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EMPLOYEES’ PERCEPTION OF JOB SATISFACTION IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA
This study carried out a critical comparative analysis of employees’ perception of job satisfaction in public and private universities in Cross River State, Nigeria. It was conducted to critically explore the perception of job satisfaction among lecturers in public and private universities in Cross River under the Job Characteristics Model. To this end, primary research was carried out to understand the differences in the level of skill variety in academic roles between lecturers in public and private universities; understand how lecturers in public and private universities perceive the significance of their work in terms of its impact on society; and critically compare the differences in the degree of autonomy experienced by lecturers in public and private universities regarding their job responsibilities. The research design was a multiple case study design, which relied on semi-structured interviews to collect primary data from 14 lecturers (7 each from a private university and public university) in Cross River State. Snowball sampling technique was applied. The data obtained were thematically analysed. The findings revealed that lecturers in both public and private universities experienced a high level of skill variety through their engagement in multiple roles such as teaching, supervising, curriculum development, administrative duties, and student mentoring. However, significant differences emerged in how this skill variety was perceived and experienced across the two institutional types. It was also found that lecturers in both sectors in Cross River State view their work as highly significant to societal development, though shaped by their institutional contexts. In addition, it was found that lecturers in public universities enjoyed considerable academic freedom, allowing them to independently plan their courses, design assessments, and engage in research with minimal institutional interference. Whereas, lecturers in private universities reported significantly limited autonomy, as they were often required to adhere strictly to pre-determined curricula, institutional guidelines, and administrative controls, which restricted innovation and undermined intrinsic motivation. On the basis of these findings, the study recommended that public and private universities should adopt structured role diversification, visible recognition of societal contributions, and flexible academic autonomy frameworks to align lecturers’ tasks with their strengths, validate their wider impacts, and empower their teaching and research choices. This would enhance their motivation, reducing burnout, and promoting deeper professional engagement across both sectors.
Pepple, Grace Jamie; Fajulugbe Adeshola Temitayo; Enebeli Jane Ifeyinwa & Makama, Lawrence Linus
FOOD QUALITY DIMENSIONS AND CUSTOMERS’ LOYALTY TOWARDS FAST-FOOD RESTAURANTS
This study examined food quality and customers’ loyalty towards fast-food restaurants, specifically seeking to determine the effects of food taste, safety, presentation, and quality of ingredients on customers’ loyalty. It had its foundational underpinning in the enticement-repellent theory and adopted a cross-sectional survey research design. Primary data were collected from 276 customers of fast-food restaurants using a structured questionnaire and were analysed and interpreted through descriptive statistics, while the hypotheses were tested using multiple linear regression in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The findings revealed that food quality dimensions, including food taste, safety, presentation, and quality of ingredients, had significant positive effects on customers’ loyalty towards fast-food restaurants. Hence, the study recommended that managers of fast-food restaurants should ensure the taste of their meals remains consistently enjoyable by incorporating a blend of rich flavours, carefully selected seasoning tailored to both local and international palates, and tantalizing aromas that create an irresistible dining atmosphere, thereby encouraging repeat patronage and positive word-of-mouth. It was further recommended that managers should implement strict food hygiene protocols, maintain spotless restaurant environments, ensure proper storage, and incorporate natural food preservatives such as vinegar or rosemary extract in order to guarantee consistently high food quality, minimize health risks, and build trust among customers, while other recommendations were made to enhance dimensions of food quality such as food presentation and quality of ingredients in fast-food restaurants.
Dr. Edim Eka James & Dr. Inyang Bassey Inyang
SUBSIDY REMOVAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN WUKARI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, TARABA STATE, NIGERIA
The removal of fuel subsidies in Nigeria has arisen as a pivotal economic policy with far-reaching socio-economic consequences. This paper explores the impacts of fuel subsidy removal on the Nigerian populace, particularly in Wukari LGA of Taraba State, Nigeria, focusing on changes in cost of living, transportation, income distribution, and social welfare. While the policy aims to reduce fiscal deficits and promote market efficiency, its implementation has disproportionately affected low- and middle-income households, exacerbating poverty, inflation, and inequality. The paper further explores the policy’s effect on informal sector employment and rural livelihoods, revealing a lack of adequate social safety nets and institutional mechanisms to cushion the adverse outcomes. Anchored in the Resource Curse Theory, the study argues that Nigeria’s mismanagement of oil wealth and reliance on rentier structures have intensified the socio-economic dislocations of subsidy reform. Drawing on both primary and secondary data and relevant literature, the paper finds that the subsidy removal, particularly following the 2023 policy shift, led to sharp increases in fuel prices and associated goods and services, weakening purchasing power and heightening public dissatisfaction. The paper recommends comprehensive policy measures, including targeted palliatives, investment in public infrastructure, and transparent governance frameworks to ensure equitable and sustainable outcomes.
Tukura, Daudu Fwaje & Tukura, Nashuka Tino, PhD
EFFECT OF CORRUPTION ON INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA
Infrastructural development is a potent tool for economic growth, and development within educational institutions is no exception. This paper examines the impact of corruption on infrastructural development in Nigerian tertiary institutions. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, utilizing a structured questionnaire as the research instrument. The questionnaire was administered to a sample of six hundred (600) respondents randomly selected from six institutions located in six states in South Western Nigeria. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The findings of the study revealed that corruption has a significant negative impact on infrastructural development in Nigerian tertiary institutions. Other factors inhibiting infrastructural development include inadequate funding, poor accountability, lack of transparency, and the improper prosecution of corruption offenders, among others. The study also revealed that proper infrastructural development offers great benefits to Nigerian tertiary institutions, such as enabling students to learn in a conducive environment, enhancing knowledge retention, and attracting qualified staff. The study, therefore, recommends that funds released to higher institutions and their intended purposes be made public. Anti-corruption agencies should be empowered to effectively combat corruption in the education sector. Furthermore, improved welfare packages for workers and adequate funding for Nigerian tertiary institutions should be adopted to reduce the temptation for corrupt practices.
GENDER AND ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS AMONG FINAL-YEAR STUDENTS IN NIGERIAN POLYTECHNICS
Entrepreneurship is widely acknowledged as a critical driver of economic growth and job creation, particularly in developing countries. Understanding the factors that influence students' entrepreneurial intentions is vital for designing effective educational and policy interventions. This study investigates the role of gender in shaping the entrepreneurial intentions of final-year students at the Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, Ogun State. Specifically, the study examines whether male and female students differ significantly in their behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, and personal attitudes toward entrepreneurship. The study was underpinned by the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). A survey research design was adopted, and primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered to a sample of final-year students. Regression analysis was employed to analyze the data using SPSS. The findings revealed a significant relationship between behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, personal attitudes, and entrepreneurial intentions. However, while both male and female students exhibited positive entrepreneurial intentions, gender-based disparities were observed in terms of risk tolerance, access to entrepreneurial role models, and confidence in starting a business. The study concluded that gender has a significant effect on the entrepreneurial intentions of final-year students at the Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro. Therefore, there is a need for gender-responsive entrepreneurship education and support systems to harness the full potential of young graduates, irrespective of gender.
Amusan, Oluwaseun M. & Ibrahim Yusuf Kolapo
CONTENT MARKETING AND CUSTOMER PATRONAGE OF MOBILE FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY SERVICES IN CALABAR, NIGERIA
This study examined content marketing and customer patronage of mobile financial technology (FinTech) services in Calabar, Nigeria. It aimed to assess the effect of financial educational content, thought leadership, and social media engagement on customer patronage. The study was underpinned by the dynamic theory of innovation. Using a cross-sectional survey design, primary data were collected from 232 mobile FinTech users in Calabar through a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were employed for data analysis, while multiple linear regression was used for hypothesis testing. Findings revealed that financial educational content, thought leadership, and social media engagement significantly and positively influenced customer patronage of mobile FinTech services. Based on these findings, the study recommended that mobile FinTech managers in Nigeria adopt financial education strategies, such as publishing accessible blog posts, personalized newsletters, and hosting interactive webinars to simplify financial concepts. To enhance thought leadership, companies should publish expert articles, trend reports, and opinion pieces on local financial solutions, establishing themselves as trusted advisors. Additionally, social media platforms should be leveraged to share engaging infographics, encourage satisfied customers to share experiences, and collaborate with credible influencers to build trust and broaden their audience. These strategies aim to strengthen customer engagement, boost trust, and increase patronage of mobile FinTech services in Nigeria.
Eko, Hodo Anna, Dr. Edim Eka James, Muze, John Iwara & Umoh Eunice Etukudo
PRODUCT AESTHETICS AND CONSUMER BRAND PREFERENCE FOR BODY SPRAY FRAGRANCE AMONG YOUNG CONSUMERS IN NIGERIA
In today's competitive marketplace, product differentiation based on traditional factors like price and quality has become increasingly challenging. Consequently, aesthetics has emerged as a significant differentiating factor. The study examines the effect of product aesthetics on consumer preference for body spray fragrances among young consumers in Nigeria. The problem addressed is the lack of sufficient research on how aesthetics—particularly color, shape, and scent—affect consumer choices in this demographic, despite companies investing significantly in design. The objective was to investigate the impact of these aesthetic dimensions on students’ brand preferences for body spray fragrances. A descriptive survey design was employed to gather data used to test the three hypotheses formulated for the study. Using a structured questionnaire, the research gathers data from 396 respondents, with 285 valid responses analyzed using multiple regression. The findings reveal that all three dimensions—color, shape, and scent—have significant positive effects on consumer brand preference. Scent aesthetics showed the strongest effect on brand preference, followed by shape and color. Students indicated that aesthetically pleasing packaging and sensory elements (such as scent and shape) drive their brand preference. The study recommends that fragrance companies emphasize product design, particularly scent and shape, to align with consumer preferences. The study concludes that product aesthetics are crucial in shaping consumer preferences and recommends that marketers in the body spray industry invest in aesthetic design elements to enhance brand appeal and attract young consumers.
DRIVING YOUTH EMPLOYABILITY THROUGH FEDERAL GOVERNMENT APPRENTICESHIP SCHEMES: THE CASE OF SOUTH SOUTHERN NIGERIA
This study examined youth employability in multinational companies and whether Federal Government Apprenticeship Schemes drive employability in South –Southern Nigeria. The study adopted a quantitative research design. The capital cities of four South-Southern States were selected for the study due to their large economic activities and the centers of the Federal Government Apprenticeship Schemes in South-Southern Nigeria. A total of 360 owners of micro, small and medium enterprises trained in Federal Government Apprenticeship Schemes were used as the sample for the study. The study utilized a structured questionnaire to elicit information from 20 different but most desirable traders/craftsmen who have gone through Government’s apprenticeship Scheme. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple regression and analysis of variance. Results of the study indicate that federal government apprenticeship scheme has contributed significantly to job creation in South-Southern Nigeria through impartation of skills to unemployed youths, however, it has not contributed to youth employability in multinational corporations. On the basis of the above findings, the study concluded that federal government apprenticeship scheme in Nigeria has potentials to generate higher income and create jobs but should be multi-dimensional in approach with modern skills and implemented in local communities to trickle down the job creation capacity of the schemes.
Okeyika, Okezie Kenechukwu, Uzoechina, Benedict Ikemefuna, Jegbefumwen Kenneth, Ozulumba John Ifeanyi & Ekwoh, Geraldine Amaka
THE ROLE OF MIGRANTS AS AGENTS OF SUSTAINABILITY AND DEVELOPMENT WITHIN THE INFORMAL ECONOMY OF ONDO STATE, NIGERIA
This study explores the role of migrants as agents of sustainability and development within the informal economy of Ondo State, Nigeria. Specifically, the objectives of the study are to: examine the socio-economic characteristics of migrants in the informal sector; identify the types of enterprises that constitute the informal sector in the study area; and assess the impact of migrant workers on the sustainability of the informal sector economy. Primary data was used for this study. The data was gathered through a series of fieldwork conducted on randomly selected small-scale businesses located in the Ondo West Local Government Area of Ondo State. Information on the socio-economic characteristics of business owners in two areas—Adeyemi College Road and Odotu Area—was collected using a well-structured questionnaire. These areas were purposively selected due to the high concentration of informal sector workers. The purposive sampling technique was employed, and the Yamane (1967) formula was used to determine an appropriate sample size from the study population, as it was impractical to administer questionnaires to all residents in the area. A total of 340 respondents were selected. The collected data was analyzed using both descriptive statistics (frequency counts and cross-tabulations) and inferential statistics (Chi-square analysis). The study revealed that 167 respondents (49.12%) identified unemployment as the primary motivator for engaging in the informal sector of the economy. It also found that 266 respondents (78.23%) among migrant workers in the informal sector were engaged in trading activities. Furthermore, the majority of migrant workers in this sector were found to live on between ₦1,370 and ₦2,740 (approximately $0.86–$1.71) per day—below the World Bank’s poverty threshold of $2.15 per day. Chi-square analysis (χ² (2, N = 340) = 264.548, p ≤ 0.05) indicated that migrant workers in Ondo State’s informal economy have a statistically significant impact on sustainability outcomes. The study concludes by recommending that policymakers prioritize inclusive social protection programs, resource management training, and gender equity initiatives to enhance sustainability outcomes. By highlighting the intersections of migration, informality, and sustainable development, the study provides a nuanced understanding of how migrant populations can serve as catalysts for inclusive growth. The research calls for a reimagining of urban and economic policy frameworks to reflect the realities and potential of informal migrant actors in building equitable and resilient futures.
Oluwaseun Mercy OLALEYE PhD; Babawale Akin ADEYEMI PhD & Atinuke Deborah AKINRINLOLA
FLEXIBLE WORK ARRANGEMENTS AND EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN ACCESS BANK NIGERIA PLC, CALABAR
The focus of this study was on flexible work arrangements and employee retention in Access Bank Plc, Calabar. It specifically investigated the effects of work hours flexibility, remote-hybrid work options and flexible time-off on employee retention. A cross-sectional research design was adopted and primary data were obtained from 323 employees of Access Bank Plc in Calabar through a structured questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics while the hypotheses of the study were tested using multiple regression. The findings of the study revealed that work hours flexibility, remote-hybrid work options and flexible time-off had significant positive effects on employee retention in Access Bank Plc. Hence, the study recommended that managers of commercial banks should implement work hours flexibility by offering options such as flexible scheduling, compressed workweeks, part-time work, and shift swapping, allowing employees to tailor their work hours to better fit personal commitments. It was also recommended that managers of commercial banks should implement flexible remote-hybrid work options, including full remote and hybrid models, by offering employees the choice to work from home or the office based on their roles, while ensuring proper communication tools, clear performance metrics, and regular check-ins for seamless collaboration.
Pepple, Grace Jamie, Enyioma Chinwendu Iwuanyanwu, Fajulugbe Adeshola Temitayo, Agim John Jude & George Oben-Etchi
WORK-LIFE BALANCE INITIATIVES AND JOB SATISFACTION OF FEMALE BANKERS IN ACCESS BANK NIGERIA PLC, CALABAR
This study examined work-life balance initiatives and job satisfaction of female bankers in Access Bank Nigeria Plc. It specifically sought to establish the effects of flexible work arrangements, employee wellness programmes and paid-off time on job satisfaction among female bankers. Cross-sectional research design was adopted. The study relied on primary data obtained from 246 female employees of Access Bank Plc in Calabar through a structured questionnaire. The data were descriptively analyzed and the hypotheses of the study were tested using multiple regression. The findings of the study revealed that flexible work arrangements, employee wellness programmes and paid-off time had significant positive effects on job satisfaction among female employees of Access Bank Plc, Calabar. Hence, the study recommended that managers of commercial banks should implement flexible work arrangements, such as remote work, hybrid schedules, and compressed workweeks, through clear policies, supportive technology, and regular communication to accommodate work-life balance, which will enhance job satisfaction by reducing stress and increasing autonomy. It was also recommended that managers of commercial banks should implement tailored employee wellness programmes that include mental health counseling, stress management workshops, and physical fitness exercises, ensuring flexible scheduling and accessibility to accommodate female employees' work-life balance.
Pepple, Grace Jamie, Agim John Jude, Fajulugbe Adeshola Temitayo, Orisa Johnson
ELECTORAL VIOLENCE AND VOTER PARTICIPATION IN NORTH-EAST NIGERIA: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS (1999–2019)
Elections are mechanisms for change of power but its practice has suffered substantial setback due to the absence of free, fair and credible elections in Nigeria. Electoral violence is prevalent in North-Eastern Nigeria, and its prevalence has affected voter participation, disrupted democratic processes and destroyed lives and properties of citizens. This paper examines the consequences of electoral violence on voter participation in North-Eastern Nigeria with specific reference to Adamawa, Gombe, and Taraba states. The study is delimited to 1999 – 2019 electoral timeframe. A mixed method research design was adopted for the study to achieve the objectives of the study. The instruments used for data collection are questionnaire and Key Informant Interviews (KII). The study sample comprised 546 respondents representing the total registered voters in the region. The Elite theory propounded by Pareto (1935) was used as the theoretical framework for the study. The theory argues that the interest of few elite’s matters in politics and that the elites oppressed the unorganized masses. The results of the analysis revealed that electoral violence leads to voter apathy, assassination, arson, riots, and break down of law and order. The paper recommends that free, fair and credible elections should be held in the region, the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) should be restructured, adequate security measures should be provided during elections, electoral offenders should be penalised, and that government should create awareness on the importance of electoral participation.
Adeniran S. F; Alimba C. N. & Awodoyin, F.