MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
The Multidisciplinary Journal of Management and Social Sciences (ISSN: 3043-6427; E-ISSN: 3043-6419) is a peer-reviewed, open-access academic journal dedicated to the dissemination of high-quality research across a diverse range of disciplines within management and the social sciences. The journal provides a vibrant platform for scholars, researchers, policy-makers, and practitioners to share insights, empirical findings, and theoretical advancements that address contemporary issues in society and organizational life. It is a blind peer review journal domiciled in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria. The journal is indexed on Google Scholar.
NIGERIA – SOUTH AFRICA RELATIONS AND THE IMPERATIVES OF SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
Nigeria and South Africa stand as the two most dominant economies in Africa, and their bilateral relations have increasingly become central to discussions on regional economic integration and industrial development. However, despite growing trade relations and foreign direct investment flows between both countries, Nigeria’s industrial sector remains relatively underdeveloped, raising critical concerns about the developmental impact of such partnerships. This study therefore investigates the extent to which Nigeria–South Africa relations have contributed to sustainable industrial development in Nigeria. The main objective of the study is to assess whether these bilateral engagements foster industrial growth or reinforce structural dependency that limits Nigeria’s industrial transformation. The study adopts a qualitative research methodology, relying on secondary sources such as scholarly articles, policy reports, and institutional publications. Dependency Theory serves as the theoretical framework, providing an analytical lens through which to explain the asymmetric economic relations between the two countries and how such imbalances affect industrial outcomes in Nigeria. The significance of this study lies in its contribution to understanding the complexities of intra-African economic relations and their implications for sustainable development policy formulation. The findings reveal that although Nigeria–South Africa relations have enhanced trade expansion, attracted foreign investment, and facilitated limited technology transfer, they simultaneously reinforce dependency patterns and weaken Nigeria’s domestic industrial capacity. The study concludes that, without deliberate policy intervention, bilateral relations may continue to reproduce structural imbalances rather than promote industrial sustainability. It therefore recommends stronger institutional frameworks, effective technology transfer mechanisms, and robust local content development policies to ensure that Nigeria fully benefits from its economic relations with South Africa.
FUEL SUBSIDY REMOVAL AND THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY
Fuel subsidy has been a defining feature of Nigeria’s economic landscape since the 1970s, introduced to cushion citizens against global oil price volatility and to support fuel-dependent sectors. However, the regime became fiscally unsustainable, reportedly costing over ₦1 trillion annually, and was associated with corruption, smuggling, and economic inefficiencies. On May 29, 2023, Bola Ahmed Tinubu announced the removal of the fuel subsidy, citing the absence of budgetary provision and the need to redirect funds to critical sectors such as infrastructure, healthcare, and education. This policy shift triggered immediate and far-reaching consequences for the Nigerian economy. The removal contributed to a surge in cost-push inflation, with transport fares rising significantly and food prices increasing sharply, thereby eroding the purchasing power of low-income households and exacerbating poverty levels. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), heavily reliant on petrol-powered generators due to unreliable electricity supply, experienced declining profit margins, with some forced to scale down operations or shut down. While the government introduced palliative measures such as cash transfers and the Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) initiative, critics argue that these interventions have been insufficient and poorly targeted. Conversely, the policy has created fiscal space, reduced pressure on the budget, curtailed fuel smuggling to neighboring countries, and accelerated reforms under the Petroleum Industry Act. The operationalization of the Dangote Refinery is expected to enhance energy security by reducing dependence on fuel imports. The long-term success of subsidy removal depends on transparent reinvestment of savings, the strengthening of social safety nets, and sustained macroeconomic stability. This paper evaluates the implications of the 2023 subsidy removal on Nigeria’s economy and recommends strategies to mitigate short-term hardship while maximizing long-term developmental gains.
Fuel Subsidy, Refinery, Inflation, Nigerian Economy, Purchasing Power
Asiegbu, Tochukwu Ebuka; Udem, Marcia Chidinma
PREVALENCE AND CONSEQUENCES OF POOR WASTE MANAGEMENT AND SANITATION EXERCISE IN DELTA STATE, SOUTH-SOUTH, NIGERIA
This theoretical paper examines the prevalence and consequences of poor waste management and sanitation practices in Delta State, South-South, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to explore the prevalence and major causes of poor participation in monthly environmental sanitation exercises, assess the impact of such poor participation, and proffer solutions for improving participation in Delta State, South-South, Nigeria. The theories used in the study include Nightingale’s Theory, Social Control Theory, and the Health Belief Model (HBM). The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design and was anchored on the Health Belief Model to explain factors influencing public perception and participation in monthly environmental sanitation. The paper revealed a low turnout during monthly environmental sanitation exercises, indicating that residents of Delta State exhibit a negative attitude toward participation. The study recommends intensified public awareness campaigns on the health risks associated with unclean environments. It also calls for the enforcement of stringent policies by the government against violators of monthly sanitation regulations in Delta State, South-South, Nigeria.
Environmental degradation, Environmental pollution, Refuse disposal, Sanitation
Okeke, Obinna Chukwudalu (PhD); Ohachenu, Ifeoma Elizabeth (Ph.D)
DEPLOYMENT OF THREATS AND TRANSACTIONAL DIPLOMACY IN ADVANCING NATIONAL INTEREST: THE DONALD TRUMP REGIME EXPERIENCE IN THE UNITED STATES
This study examines the strategic deployment of threats by Donald Trump as an instrument for advancing United States national interests. Situating his foreign policy within the theoretical frameworks of coercive diplomacy and deterrence theory, the paper analyzes how economic sanctions, tariff escalations, military signaling, and alliance pressure were used to compel behavioral change from both adversaries and allies. Through case studies including the U.S.–China trade war, tariff threats against Mexico over migration enforcement, burden-sharing disputes within the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and strategic confrontations with North Korea, Venezuela, Greenland Demark and Iran, the paper evaluates the credibility, effectiveness, and consequences of threat-based diplomacy. The analysis finds that Trump’s approach was characterized by transactional realism, public signaling, and a willingness to impose or threaten significant costs to achieve concessions. While this strategy produced certain short-term tactical gains, such as increased allied defense spending and migration enforcement cooperation it yielded mixed long-term structural outcomes and introduced risks of escalation, economic disruption, and alliance strain. The paper concludes that Trump’s use of threats underscores both the utility and limitations of coercive statecraft in a highly interdependent international system, contributing to broader debates on the role of power, credibility, and bargaining in contemporary foreign policy.
Deployment, Threats, Transactional Diplomacy. United States, National Interest
Christopher Ikem. Olisah, PhD; Tukura, Nashuka Tino, PhD; Tukura, Daudu Fwaje, PhD
BUDGETING PRACTICES AND FISCAL DISCIPLINE IN NIGERIA: AN EVALUATION OF BUDGET DEFICIT UNDER PRESIDENT BUHARI'S LEADERSHIP (2015-2023)
This study examined budgeting and fiscal discipline in Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were to investigate the effect of capital expenditure on the fiscal deficit-to-GDP ratio in Nigeria and to evaluate the effect of broad money supply on the fiscal deficit-to-GDP ratio in Nigeria.An ex-post facto research design was adopted, covering a period of nine (9) years from 2015 to 2023. The population, being finite, also constituted the sample for the study. The variables of interest covered the sample period from 2015 to 2023.The study employed both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques to analyze the dataset. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression technique was used to test the hypotheses. Other preliminary diagnostic tests were also conducted, including correlation analysis to test for multicollinearity, the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, and a heteroskedasticity test. The findings revealed that capital expenditure had no significant effect on the fiscal deficit-to-GDP ratio in Nigeria from 2015 to 2023 (p > 0.05). However, broad money supply had a significant effect on the fiscal deficit-to-GDP ratio in Nigeria during the same period (p < 0.05).Consequent upon these findings, the study recommended, among others, that the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the Ministry of Finance should coordinate policies to ensure that money supply is directed toward sectors that boost economic output and revenue without fueling inflation.
Budgeting, fiscal deficit, capital expenditure, broad money
Eze, Maria Nwankwoeke PhD; Okoye, Ezinne Chimaram; Daniel, Ifeoma Jennifer
CHALLENGES SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES (SMES) FACE IN IMPLEMENTING EFFECTIVE CYBERSECURITY MEASURES IN AWKA SOUTH LGA
Background: Cybersecurity protocol adherence among SMEs appears to be low, with consequences that can negatively affect business operations and profitability. Despite increasing digitalization of business operations, many SMEs still operate without formal cybersecurity policies, leaving them vulnerable to cyberattacks. Objective: This study examined the consequences of lack of awareness and compliance with cybersecurity protocols among Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Anambra State, as well as measures to address these challenges. Methods: The study adopted a mixed-methods research design. A sample size of 184 respondents was determined using the Taro Yamane formula, drawn from a population of 1,902 registered SMEs in Awka South LGA. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to select respondents across seven towns and fourteen business locations. Quantitative data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency distributions and percentages), while qualitative data were gathered through six in-depth interviews (IDIs) with business owners and managers and analyzed using thematic analysis. The Resource-Based Theory (RBT) was adopted as the theoretical framework. Findings: Training and awareness programs were identified as the most important solutions, followed closely by government support and subsidized cybersecurity tools.
cyber security, small and medium-sized enterprises, protocol, awareness, cyber-attacks
Chikwendu, Stephen Chilaka; Eke, Leona Adimchi
SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING AND CORPORATE IMAGE OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN LAGOS STATE
Social media has become a critical tool for institutional branding and stakeholder engagement in higher education. Despite its growing use among public HEIs in Nigeria, empirical evidence quantifying its influence on corporate image remains limited. This study examined the relationship between social media marketing and corporate image of selected higher educational institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria. The research specifically investigated how three dimensions of social media marketing—content marketing, influencer engagement, and audience interaction—influence stakeholder perceptions and corporate reputation. The study was anchored on Relationship Marketing Theory, Source Credibility Theory, and Signalling Theory, which provided theoretical foundations for understanding how digital communication strategies shape institutional image. A quantitative survey research design was adopted for the study. Data was collected from 400 students across HEI in Lagos State using structured questionnaire and amalysed via regression analysis at 0.05 significance level. Findings indicate that content-related social media activities is positively associated with stakeholder perceptions and institutional image formation, Influencer engagement positively associated with corporate reputation, and Audience interaction strongly predicted stakeholder perceptions. The study concluded that social media marketing is a multidimensional strategy that significantly enhances institutional image, with interactive engagement playing the most critical role. It recommended that institutions prioritize responsive two-way communication, leverage credible influencers aligned with institutional values, and develop strategic content that showcases academic excellence. It also recommends the adoption of strategically managed, data-driven social media practices to strengthen institutional reputation and stakeholder confidence.
Social media marketing, corporate image, content marketing, influencer engagement, audience interaction
Dr. Ayodele, Mary Omamo; Dr. Balogun, Mustapha Tosin; Prof. Oyeniyi, Omotayo Joseph; Dr. Tijani, Usman Moyosore; Dr. Ojiaku, Obinna Christian
MARKETING STRATEGIES AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN SELECTED BANKS IN LAGOS STATE
This study examined the influence of brand awareness, innovation orientation, and market orientation on customer satisfaction, customer retention, and brand loyalty within the Nigerian banking sector, focusing on First Bank of Nigeria Limited and Guaranty Trust Bank Limited. A cross sectional survey research design was adopted, and data were collected from 420 bank customers using a structured questionnaire based on a five point Likert scale. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis with IBM SPSS Version 27 to test the stated hypotheses. The findings revealed that brand awareness, innovation orientation, and market orientation jointly have a significant effect on customer satisfaction, retention, and loyalty. Innovation orientation consistently emerged as the strongest predictor across all models, indicating the critical role of continuous service improvement and digital adaptation in shaping customer outcomes. Market orientation also showed strong and significant effects, demonstrating the importance of effective market intelligence and customer responsiveness. Brand awareness had a positive but comparatively weaker influence, suggesting that visibility alone is insufficient without innovation and market driven strategies. The study concludes that customer related outcomes in Nigerian banking are primarily driven by an integrated combination of strategic marketing capabilities rather than isolated factors. It recommends that banks strengthen innovation processes, improve data driven market responsiveness, and enhance brand positioning to achieve sustained customer satisfaction and loyalty.
Brand Awareness, Innovation Orientation, Market Orientation, Customer Satisfaction, Customer Retention, Brand Loyalty
Dr. Baro-Thomas, Stella Ejiro; Dr. Balogun, Mustapha Tosin, Prof. Oyeniyi, Omotayo Joseph; Prof. Idris, Adekunle Abiodun; Dr. Ojiaku, Obinna Christian; Dr. Tijani, Usman Moyosore
CORPORATE GORVERNANCE AND INVESTOR PROTECTION IN NIGERIA: ISSUES, REFORMS, AND POLICY DIRECTIONS
This paper examines issues and developments in corporate governance in Nigeria and highlights the need to provide guiding principles. The paper is conceptual in nature. The study revealed different forms of corporate governance models and issues associated with corporate governance. It also examined recent developments in Nigeria. Based on the findings, it was discovered that corporate governance in Nigeria faces numerous challenges, including unethical business practices, problematic ownership structures, an ineffective judicial system, and weak regulatory and enforcement mechanisms. Therefore, the study seeks to institutionalise a corporate governance code of best practices in Nigeria. It also recommends, among other things, that the government should establish an Institute of Corporate Governance for the teaching and promotion of good corporate governance. Secondly, it recommends the establishment of a separate court to try corporate governance offenders.
Corporate Governance, Investors protection, Issues, Reforms, policy directions, Nigeria
ESUIKE BENJAMIN U. & IREVWI BENEDICTA UFUOMA
AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF AUDIT QUALITY AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT RELIABILITY OF LISTED DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN NIGERIA
The study examined audit quality and financial statement reliability of listed Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria, spanning from 2012 to 2022, using a sample of seven selected banks. A comprehensive analysis was conducted using correlation diagnostic tests and regression analysis. The regression model, supported by an ANOVA test, demonstrated overall statistical significance, indicating that the included variables collectively explain a substantial portion (R-square = 84.76%) of the variability in Return on Assets (ROA). Auditor independence and bank size were found to be statistically significant predictors, implying a positive influence on ROA. The findings revealed a strong positive correlation between ROA and auditor independence, suggesting that maintaining a high level of auditor independence may positively influence the profitability of Deposit Money Banks and the reliability of financial statements. The study recommends that, to ensure a high level of auditor independence, there should be continuous rotation of auditors at a maximum interval of three years by Deposit Money Banks. Additionally, a committee of shareholders should be established to screen and appoint auditors before presenting them to the general body of shareholders for ratification at the Annual General Meeting (AGM), rather than allowing the board of directors to appoint auditors directly.
An Empirical Analysis, Audit Quality, Financial Statement, Reliability, Deposit Money Banks, Nigeria
DEPLOYMENT OF SURVEILLANCE TECHNOLOGY AS A VIABLE STRATEGY FOR MONITORING AND MITIGATING CRIME IN CORRECTIONAL CENTRES IN NIGERIA: A PANACEA FOR REFORMATION
The Nigerian correctional system faces persistent challenges, including rising incidents of internal crime, violence, frequent jailbreaks, and inadequate rehabilitation mechanisms. These issues undermine efforts toward restorative justice, effective rehabilitation, and the social reintegration of inmates across correctional centres in the country. This paper critically examines the deployment of surveillance technology as a strategic intervention for monitoring and mitigating crime in Nigerian correctional centres. It explores the current state of correctional facilities and evaluates how tools such as closed-circuit television (CCTV), biometric access control, artificial intelligence– powered monitoring, and communication surveillance can enhance security and reduce criminal activities within prison environments. The study is anchored in the reformation theory of punishment and relies on secondary data sources. Findings reveal that the Nigerian correctional system is burdened by longstanding structural and operational challenges that hinder its ability to fulfil its core mandates of justice, rehabilitation, and social reintegration. These challenges include inadequate funding, overcrowding and congestion, security lapses, and frequent jailbreaks. Overcrowding, in particular, fosters tension, increases the likelihood of violence, and makes effective supervision nearly impossible without technological support. The absence of adequate surveillance technology significantly limits the capacity to monitor inmate behaviour, investigate violations of prison regulations by both inmates and staff, and ensure adherence to professional standards. The paper recommends a technology-driven reform agenda that integrates modern surveillance systems into correctional management, supports restorative justice, and enhances the preparation of inmates for meaningful social reintegration upon completion of their sentences.
correctional centers, deployment, Nigeria, reformation, surveillance technology
Gladys Amaechi Ohazulike; Ifeoma Elizabeth Ohachenu
MANAGEMENT SKILLS REQUIRED FOR GROWTH AND SUSTAINABILITY OF BUSINESSES IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY IN ABA NORTH INDUSTRIAL AREA
This research work was carried out to explore the role of financial management skills in fostering business growth and contributing to the development of a sustainable global economy in the Aba North Industrial Area of Abia State. Effective financial management practices are essential for businesses operating in this region to thrive amidst dynamic market conditions and increasing global competition. The main objective was to determine the financial management skills required for the growth and sustainability of business in a global economy in Aba North Industrial Area of Abia State. Two objectives, two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The population of 150 which was sampled down to 71 skilled staff using purposely sampling technique was used. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection and was validated by three experts from Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka. The reliability test was also carried out to ensure that research was consistent, accurate, and credible, which in turn supports the validity and generalizability of the findings. The researchers make use of descriptive statistics of means and standard deviation to answer research questions1 and 2 and t-test statistical tool to test the two (2) null hypotheses. The findings reveals that an orderly framework of financial management skill which entails the systematic structure categorization of a complex financial task made a great impact on the growth and sustainability of business in Aba North industrial area. Again finding also showed good financial management skill were of great importance in value creation for growth and sustainability of business in Aba North Industrial Area. Hence the researchers recommend that Aba North industrial Area should implement comprehensive financial training programs, adopt structured financial management frameworks and focus on value creation by integrating financial management skill strategies.
Financial Management Skill, Business Growth and Sustainable
Okafor N. B., Iheakolam G. I., Izuakor C. & Okeke A. U.
SELF-CONCEPT AND BODY DISSATISFACTION AS PREDICTORS OF FEAR OF NEGATIVE EVALUATION AMONG UNDERGRADUATES
This study examined self-concept and body dissatisfaction as predictors of fear of negative evaluation among undergraduate students of a Nigerian University. A total of 243 undergraduates aged 16-27 years (M = 21.78, SD = 2.39) were conveniently selected from two departments across the faculties. Data were collected using the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, a self-concept questionnaire, and a body dissatisfaction scale. A predictive research design was adopted and data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results revealed that self-concept significantly predicted fear of negative evaluation (β = −.267, p < .001), indicating that students with poorer self-concept reported higher levels of fear of negative evaluation. Body dissatisfaction showed a positive but non-significant relationship with fear of negative evaluation (β = .107, p = .085). These findings suggest that students’ perceptions of themselves play a crucial role in shaping their sensitivity to social judgment. The study recommends psychological interventions within university counseling centres aimed at improving self-concept and promoting healthy body image among students. Such interventions may reduce anxiety related to social evaluation and enhance students’ psychological well-being and academic engagement.
self-concept, body dissatisfaction, fear of negative evaluation, social anxiety, undergraduate students, Nigeria
Anyaorah, G. C., PhD; Nnaemeka, I. J., PhD, Okpala, M.O. PhD, Obi U.C.
FINANCIAL STRAIN AND ALCOHOL USE AS PREDICTORS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN A NIGERIAN UNIVERSITY
This study examined financial strain and alcohol use as predictors of psychological distress among undergraduate students of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. A total of 126 students were recruited using a convenience sampling technique (38 males, 30.2%; 88 females, 69.8%), aged between 20 and 39 years (M = 25.10, SD = 3.26). Instruments included the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), a Financial Strain Scale, and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). A predictive survey design was adopted, and data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Findings revealed that specific dimensions of financial strain educational expenses, relationship-related financial pressures and credit obligations were significant positive predictors of psychological distress (p < .05), whereas physical strain and meaning-related obligations showed negative associations. Alcohol use also significantly and positively predicted psychological distress (p < .05). The results suggest that economic pressures and alcohol consumption constitute important risk factors for students’ mental health. The study recommends institution-wide preventive and intervention strategies addressing financial vulnerability and substance use within university settings.
financial strain, alcohol use, psychological distress, mental health, undergraduate students, Nigeria
WATER-BASED RECREATION AS A STRATEGY FOR HARNESSING INLAND WATER RESOURCES FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA
This study focused on water-based recreation as a strategy for harnessing inland water resources for tourism development in Imo State. The study employed a survey research method for collecting primary data through the administration of questionnaires. Secondary data were obtained from relevant materials such as textbooks, journal articles, seminar papers, and periodicals. According to the National Population Commission’s 1991 census results projected to 2019, the population for the study was 480,352 persons, representing the overall population of the host communities selected for the study. A sample size of 400 respondents was used. Simple descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviation were used to analyze respondents’ personal data and research questions, while multiple regression analysis was employed to test the hypotheses. The decision rule was to accept the null hypothesis if the p-value was greater than 0.05; otherwise, the null hypothesis was rejected and the alternative hypothesis accepted. For the research questions, a mean value greater than or equal to 2.5 was considered acceptable on a four-point rating scale. The findings indicated a significant relationship between water-based recreation and heritage preservation in Imo State. The results also revealed that water-based recreation contributes positively to the destination image of Imo State. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated that water-based recreation is pivotal to infrastructural development in the State. The study therefore recommends that, to effectively harness inland water resources through water-based recreation, heritage preservation should be integrated into sectoral policies. Community engagement programmes should be implemented to educate local populations on the importance of heritage conservation. To enhance the destination image of Imo State, marketing strategies highlighting the unique features of the region’s inland waterways should be developed. Additionally, investment in infrastructure is critical, including the development of transport systems such as roads, ports, and signage to improve accessibility to natural sites.
Water-Based Recreation, Water Resources, Tourism Development, Heritage Preservation, Destination, Infrastructural Development
Ononuju, V. I, Ngoka, P. C, Okoli, C. I. C, Enemuo, O. B, Anyanwu, I.B.
CLIMATE CHANGE, FLOODING, AND POPULATION DISPLACEMENT IN NIGERIA: MIGRATION PATTERNS ACROSS STATES
Climate change, induced flooding has emerged as a critical driver of population displacement across Nigeria, affecting millions of people and disrupting livelihoods, food security, and socioeconomic stability. This literature review synthesizes evidence from studies published between 2013 and 2025, examining the patterns, impacts, and consequences of flood-induced displacement across Nigerian states. The 2012 flood disaster, which displaced over 2.1 million people across 30 states, serves as a pivotal reference point in the literature. Key findings reveal that displacement patterns are predominantly temporary rather than permanent, with affected poidentifiedpulations often returning to flood-prone areas due to livelihood dependencies and limited alternatives. The Niger Delta states, particularly Bayelsa, Delta, and Rivers alongside Lagos, Anambra, Kogi, and Akwa Ibom emerge as the most severely affected regions. Women and children are as disproportionately vulnerable groups, facing heightened risks from livelihood disruptions, housing insecurity, and increased caregiving responsibilities. The review highlights significant gaps in policy responses and underscores the need for comprehensive flood management strategies that address both immediate humanitarian needs and long-term adaptation requirements.
Climate change, Migration Patterns, Nigeria, Displacement
Ngozi Chinenye Okeke, Queeneth Ndidiamaka Okafor, Ifeanyi Ikenna Ofonere
SOCIO-ECONOMIC DRIVERS OF ADVANCE FEE FRAUD AND ITS EFFECTS ON YOUTHS IN AWKA SOUTH LGA
The study examined the socioeconomic determinants and consequences of advance fee fraud among youths in Awka South Local Government Area (LGA). The rate at which youths engage in advance fee fraud has become alarming and a matter of public concern, which necessitated this study. A mixed-method research design was adopted, and Differential Association Theory was used as the theoretical framework. The sample size was 204 respondents, and multi-stage sampling techniques were employed to select participants. The instruments of data collection included a structured questionnaire and an in-depth interview guide. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, with results presented in simple percentages and frequency tables. The study hypotheses were tested using Chi-square (χ²) inferential statistics. Qualitative data from the in-depth interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed that 84.7% of youths view advance fee fraud as a means of survival and therefore perceive nothing wrong in engaging in it. The major factors influencing youths to engage in advance fee fraud include poor family background, unemployment, inadequate parental or guardian supervision, peer pressure, greed for money, and the need to belong. These factors have resulted in economic underdevelopment, poor academic performance, individual and corporate losses, breakdown of societal organization, and the erosion of social morals and values. The study recommends that the government create more employment opportunities to absorb jobless graduates; that non-governmental organizations conduct regular sensitization programs on the dangers of advance fee fraud; and that parents encourage vocational studies and support their wards in acquiring informal skills to cope with financial pressures.
Advance fee fraud, cybercrime, internet fraud, e-mail scams, economic drivers
Chikwendu, Stephen Chilaka; Eke Leona Adimchi; Anaekwe, Henry Ebuka
THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE, 2000-2020
This study undertakes a comprehensive examination of the impact of globalization on entrepreneurship and economic development in Anambra State, Nigeria, over two decades (2000–2020). By adopting a historical perspective, the research provides nuanced insights into the complex and multifaceted relationships among globalization, entrepreneurship, and economic development. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data from both primary and secondary sources. These include interviews with entrepreneurs, policymakers, and other stakeholders, as well as statistical data obtained from government agencies and international organizations. The findings reveal that globalization has had a profound impact on entrepreneurship and economic development in Anambra State, producing both positive and negative outcomes. On the one hand, globalization has created new opportunities for entrepreneurs to access global markets, technologies, and capital, thereby driving economic growth and development. On the other hand, it has led to increased competition, cultural homogenization, and economic inequality, which have undermined the viability of local businesses and exacerbated poverty and unemployment. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex dynamics among globalization, entrepreneurship, and economic development within a Nigerian state and provides valuable insights for policymakers, entrepreneurs, and other stakeholders seeking to promote sustainable economic development in the region.
Globalization, Entrepreneurship, Economic Development, Anambra State
INFLUENCER MARKETING AND BRAND LOVE: YOUNG CONSUMERS PERCEPTION OF CONSUMER GOODS ENDORSERS
This study explores the impact of influencer marketing on brand love among young consumers, Anambra Nigeria, and specifically within the consumer goods sector. The study applied a survey-based design, targeting a sample size of 394 students through convenient sampling. The questionnaire, divided into sections addressing demographic information and brand engagement factors, measured three influencer marketing variables (engagement marketing, attractiveness, and relevance) and their influence on brand love. Using regression analysis, the study found that both engagement marketing and influencer relevance significantly and positively impact brand love. Students who felt engaged by personalized, interactive content from influencers were more likely to develop strong positive feelings toward phone accessory brands. Similarly, influencer relevance—measured by factors like follower count, authenticity, and platform suitability—was a crucial determinant of brand love, as consumers responded more favorably to influencers who seemed credible and aligned with the brand’s values. In contrast, influencer attractiveness, although often emphasized in marketing, showed a minimal effect on brand love in this context, suggesting that consumers value authenticity and relevance over physical appeal or celebrity status when forming emotional connections with brands. These findings offer practical insights for marketers in the phone accessory industry and beyond. They highlight the importance of selecting influencers who resonate with the target audience and prioritize authentic, engaging content that aligns with the brand’s identity. For brands aiming to build consumer loyalty and lasting brand love, strategies should focus on cultivating influencers who can authentically engage audiences rather than solely relying on influencer popularity or physical appeal. By leveraging influencers who share values with their brand and maintain genuine interactions with their followers, companies can enhance brand love, fostering stronger consumer-brand relationships that extend beyond transactional exchanges.
Engagement marketing, Attractiveness, Relevance and Brand love
LOCAL LABOUR MARKET CONDITIONS AND TRANSITION TO VOCATIONAL TRAINING IN NIGERIA
This study examined the influence of local labour market conditions on transitions into vocational training in Nigeria, with particular attention to how labour market realities shape enrolment decisions, the role of employment opportunities and skill demand, and the barriers and facilitators affecting participation. Using a descriptive survey research design, data were collected from 220 respondents comprising vocational trainees, unemployed youths, training centre administrators, and labour officials, selected through stratified random sampling to ensure proportional representation. Data were gathered using a structured questionnaire measured on a four-point Likert scale and analysed using mean scores and standard deviations, while hypotheses were tested using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA). The findings indicated that local labour market conditions were significantly associated with vocational training decisions, as respondents agreed that factors such as job availability, wage levels, and industrial growth influenced their enrolment choices (mean scores ranging from 2.98 to 3.04; SD < 1.00). Employment-related opportunities, including internships, job placement prospects, and high demand for skilled labour, were also found to be positively associated with increased uptake of vocational training programmes (mean scores ranging from 3.02 to 3.05). In contrast, barriers such as limited access to training centres, high programme costs, and cultural expectations were found to constrain participation, while facilitators including mentorship, policy support, and incentives enhanced engagement. MANCOVA results revealed statistically significant relationships between labour market conditions and enrolment decisions (F = 9.42, p < 0.001), employment opportunities and vocational training uptake (F = 8.21, p < 0.001), and labour market barriers and successful transitions into vocational training (F = 8.87, p < 0.001). The study therefore concludes that structural, cultural, and economic factors jointly shape vocational training participation in Nigeria. It recommends expanding access to vocational training, aligning programmes with local labour market needs, strengthening mentorship initiatives, and reducing financial barriers in order to enhance skills acquisition and employability.
This study employs an integrative geospatial assessment to examine the spatial and temporal implications of rural depopulation on agricultural productivity in Igunshin, Ondo West Local Government Area, Ondo State, Nigeria. Land-use and land-cover (LULC) transitions were classified and analysed using multi-temporal Landsat datasets spanning 2000–2025, with advanced remote sensing and GIS techniques applied in ENVI 5.6 and ArcGIS Pro 3.0 environments. Supervised classification using the Maximum Likelihood Algorithm, supported by accuracy assessments exceeding 85%, enabled precise delineation of agricultural land, built-up areas, vegetation, and open spaces. The results reveal a significant decline in agricultural land, which decreased from 14.76 km² (13.01%) in 2000 to 7.27 km² (6.41%) in 2025, while vegetative cover increased from 52.78% to 79.80%. Built-up areas expanded modestly up to 2010 but declined sharply thereafter, indicating the spatial manifestation of rural depopulation. These dynamics highlight an inverse relationship between population decline and agricultural productivity, lending empirical support to the migration–productivity theoretical framework. The findings further indicate that sustained outmigration, an ageing rural population, and inadequate infrastructure development contribute to agrarian contraction and ecological reversion. The study concludes that agricultural productivity will continue to decline unless strategic rural revitalisation measures—such as youth agripreneurship promotion, infrastructure investment, and integrated land-use planning—are implemented. Overall, the study contributes to the broader discourse on rural spatial transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa by demonstrating the effectiveness of geospatial analytics in explaining the demographic determinants of agricultural sustainability.
Geospatial analysis, rural depopulation, agricultural productivity, land-use dynamics, Ondo West, Nigeria
OLALEYE O. M PhD; ADEYEMI B. A PhD, AGUN O. F PhD & OGUNBOYE A.A
NEGOTIATING UNITY IN DIVERSITY: POWER-SHARING AND NATION-BUILDING IN NIGERIA, 1999-2023
This study explores power sharing in a multi-ethnic state and its implications for nation-building, focusing on Nigeria from 1999 to 2023. The objective is to understand how mechanisms such as zoning, rotation, and the Federal Character Principle have been utilized to manage ethnic diversity and promote national unity. Using a qualitative methodology, the study draws on secondary sources, including academic literature, government reports, and media articles. A thematic approach is adopted to examine the effectiveness and challenges of these power-sharing arrangements. The findings indicate that while these mechanisms have helped mitigate ethnic tensions and ensure representation, they have also been affected by favoritism, regional imbalances, and political manipulation. Furthermore, regional agitations and insurgencies highlight the need for more inclusive and adaptable policies to achieve sustainable nation-building and national integration in Nigeria.
Power Sharing, Multi-Ethnic State, Nation-Building, Nigeria, Federal Character Principle
KANU, Ugochukwu O. Ph.D; Olua, Ngozi Emea
SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE INFORMAL AND FORMAL GOVERNANCE ARRANGEMENTS ON MINING COMMUNITIES IN TARABA STATE
This paper examines the socioeconomic and environmental consequences of formal and informal governance arrangements on mining activities in Taraba State, Nigeria. Mining in the region is characterized by a complex interplay between formal institutional frameworks and informal, community-based practices. Formal governance, which includes state regulations and policies, is often challenged by the pervasive influence of informal governance structures such as local power relations, customary laws, and informal networks of miners. These governance arrangements shape the trajectory of mining activities, influencing both socioeconomic outcomes and environmental sustainability. The paper adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data on mining revenues, employment, and environmental degradation with qualitative data obtained through interviews and questionnaires to capture the local dynamics of governance. The findings reveal that informal governance structures, while sometimes more effective in enforcing local norms, frequently prioritize short-term economic gains over long-term sustainability. This results in environmental degradation, resource depletion, and the marginalization of vulnerable communities. Socioeconomically, the findings indicate that mining contributes to local economic growth by providing livelihoods and supporting infrastructure development; however, it also exacerbates inequality and creates dependence on a volatile sector. The environmental consequences include deforestation, water contamination, and soil erosion, which remain largely unmitigated under existing governance mechanisms. The paper therefore recommends the strict enforcement of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) regulations by the Taraba State Government to mitigate the adverse environmental consequences of mining on host communities within the state.
socio-economic, environmental, consequences, mining, Taraba state
Manga, Joseph; Tukura, Nashuka Tino, PhD
POLICY AND STRUCTURAL BARRIERS TO INDUSTRIAL REVITALIZATION IN NIGERIA’S SOUTH-EAST: EVIDENCE FROM MORIBUND MANUFACTURING FIRMS
This study examined the policy and structural barriers hindering the revitalization of moribund manufacturing industries in Nigeria’s South-East, with a focus on Aba Textile Mills, Modern Ceramics (Umuahia), Nigercem Cement Factory, and Standard Shoe Factory Owerri. The research aimed to determine the extent to which regulatory and licensing challenges affect industrial revitalization, assess how tax burden and multiple taxation influence revival prospects, and evaluate the impact of inadequate power supply on operational capacity. A descriptive survey design was employed, and data were collected using a structured four-point Likert-scale questionnaire administered to 150 managers and policymakers across the selected industries. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics—frequency, percentage, and mean scores—while multiple regression analysis was used to test the three hypotheses. The findings revealed that regulatory and licensing barriers significantly impeded revitalization efforts, with regression results indicating R = 0.641, R² = 0.411, p = 0.000. Tax burden and multiple taxation also exerted a strong negative influence on industrial revival, reflected in R = 0.693, R² = 0.480, p = 0.000. Inadequate power supply demonstrated the strongest effect on operational capacity, with R = 0.721, R² = 0.520, p = 0.000, indicating that 52% of variations in industrial performance were explained by power-related constraints. The study concluded that industrial decline in the South-East is driven largely by regulatory inefficiencies, fiscal pressures, and severe infrastructural weaknesses, particularly unstable electricity supply. It recommended regulatory reforms, a reduction of multiple taxation, and substantial investment in power infrastructure as key strategies to stimulate industrial revival.
Industrial Revitalization, Policy and Structural Barriers, Manufacturing Decline, South-East Nigeria
AN APPRAISAL OF THE USE OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION IN PROMOTING ESSENTIAL FAMILY PRACTICES AMONG WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
This study appraised the use of interpersonal communication in promoting Essential Family Practices (EFP) among women of reproductive age in Anambra State, Nigeria. Given that both a mother and her unborn child face increased risks of illness and death if she becomes pregnant before the age of 18 or after the age of 35, the study is predicated on the idea that EFP should be a universal health policy under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Grounded in the Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DOI), the study aimed to determine whether respondents were familiar with the use of interpersonal communication strategies to promote and scale up EFP, and whether the campaign had a significant impact on respondents’ attitudes towards EFP. A total of 398 women of reproductive age were randomly selected from the population of women in Anambra State, located in Nigeria’s South East, using quantitative survey techniques. The total population of the study area was 2,281,688. The researcher used a questionnaire as the research instrument, and results were presented in simple frequency distribution tables. Findings revealed a significant correlation between interpersonal communication and the promotion of EFP among respondents, as well as a significant positive relationship between interpersonal communication and the practice of Essential Family Practices. It is therefore concluded that interpersonal communication plays a crucial role in health promotion. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that interpersonal communication in health programmes should be strengthened and complemented with other participatory communication paradigms to achieve policy objectives.
Interpersonal, communication, Promotion, Essential, Family, Practices
ENEOME, CHINWEOKWU EUGENIA; OKEKE, ONYEKA FRANCIS; OBIORA, PATIENCE AKUNNA
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE POLICE IN CURBING THE MENACE OF UNKNOWN GUNMEN IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
The menace of unknown gunmen in Anambra State is a very serious problem that requires collective effort to curb. These gunmen have carried out several destructive activities in every location they have visited, sparing no one from their acts of violence. They are also believed to be responsible for sustaining the sit-at-home phenomenon in the south-eastern region of Nigeria. This paper investigated the effectiveness of the police in curbing the menace of unknown gunmen in Anambra State. The Broken Windows Theory provided the theoretical framework for the study. A mixed methods research design was adopted, employing both questionnaires and in-depth interviews (IDIs) as instruments for data collection. The questionnaire was administered to 378 respondents, while 8 participants were purposively selected for the in-depth interviews. The findings revealed that the strategies adopted by the police in combating the unknown gunmen were not effective. Collaboration between the police and other security agencies in addressing gun violence was also found to be poor. The study further identified the major challenges faced by the police, including inadequate funding, insufficient manpower, lack of modern equipment, and poor infrastructure to support effective policing. The paper recommended, among other measures, the building of trust between law enforcement and host communities to enhance intelligence gathering on potential threats. It also recommended the use of modern technologies such as surveillance cameras, drones, and data analytics to significantly improve the police’s capacity to monitor crime hotspots and respond swiftly to incidents involving gunmen.
Police, Unknown Gunmen, Insecurity, Community policing and Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB)
Godwin Oliver Osadolor & Dr. Clement Emeka Ikezue
THE “NO VICTOR, NO VANQUISHED” MANTRA AND THE CHALLENGES OF NATIONAL INTEGRATION IN NIGERIA SINCE THE END OF THE NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR IN 1970
This study interrogates the “No Victor, No Vanquished” mantra proclaimed by General Yakubu Gowon at the end of the Nigeria–Biafra War in 1970, with particular attention to its implications for post-war reconciliation and national integration. The research aims to examine how the Federal Military Government’s post-war policies—embodied in the programmes of rehabilitation, reconstruction, and reconciliation—sought to translate the rhetoric of unity into practical governance and to evaluate their success and shortcomings in rebuilding inter-group trust. The study adopts a historical–analytical methodology, relying on qualitative content analysis of primary and secondary documentary sources such as government decrees, policy statements, academic monographs, and archival materials. Findings reveal that while the slogan “No Victor, No Vanquished” was conceived as a moral and political instrument for healing national wounds, its implementation was fraught with contradictions. Policies such as the Public Officers (Special Provisions) Decree No. 46 of 1970, the Banking Obligations (Eastern States) Decree, and the handling of abandoned properties generated perceptions of marginalisation and inequality that undermined genuine reconciliation. The study concludes that the mantra, though rhetorically unifying, failed to produce substantive national integration due to weak institutional follow-through, uneven policy enforcement, and the absence of inclusive justice mechanisms.
National Integration; Nigeria–Biafra War; Reconciliation; Post-war Policy; Gowon Mantra.
FINANCIAL INCLUSION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA
This study examined the effect of financial inclusion on economic growth in Nigeria, spanning the period 1986 to 2023. An ex-post facto research design was employed to investigate variables such as credit to the private sector, interest rate and inflation as indicator variables for financial inclusion against economic growth. Using Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test. The results revealed a mixed order of integration, which justifies the use of the ARDL bounds testing approach. The findings of this study suggested that financial inclusion variables exerted a strong and statistically significant positive effect on economic growth in Nigeria, both in the short run and in the long run. Conversely, the evidence suggested that credit to the private sector, interest rates, and inflation do not exert long-run influence. We recommended that financial sector regulators should adopt incentive mechanisms to encourage banks to establish more branches in areas with low financial penetration prioritizing literacy campaigns to equip citizens with the knowledge of inflation and interest rate. In addition, fostering innovation through financial technology can complement traditional banking by offering low-cost, scalable financial solutions that extend the reach of financial services and reduce the burden of physical infrastructure expansion.
Financial Inclusion, Economic Growth and ARDL
SALES DIGITALIZATION AND SALES PERFORMANCE OF B2B SALESPERSONS IN NIGERIA
This research seeks to ascertain the effect of sales digitalization on sales and customer relationship performance. Specifically, this study examines how salesforce automation, social media use, customer relationship management technology, and artificial intelligence affect sales and customer relationship performance. Also, the test mediating effect of Sales-Service ambidexterity on the relationship between sales digitalization and performance. Based on the positivist philosophy, the study adopts a quantitative approach to sample 414 B2B salespeople. The non-probability sampling method involving convenience sampling and snowballing technique were used to collect data from the salespeople online and offline. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data, and the hypotheses were tested using Structural Equations Modeling - path analysis via AMOS v.23. The result showed that Salesforce automation has a positive and significant effect on sales and customer relationship performance; social media use has a positive and significant effect on sales and customer relationship performance. It was also found that customer relationship management predicts sales negatively and positively predicts customer relationship performance and artificial intelligence is negatively associated with sales and customer relationship performance. The implication for practice is discussed.
sales digitalization, social media use, artificial intelligence, salesforce automation, customer relationship management, performance
Dike, Vivian Obianuju; Ojiaku, Obinna Christian & Nwaizugbo Ireneus Chukwudi
LOCAL STONE QUARRYING AND YOUTH SOCIO-ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT IN RURAL COMMUNITIES OF OKIGWE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF IMO STATE, NIGERIA
Nature-given resources such as local stone quarries have become alternative means of livelihood among rural communities in Nigeria, particularly in Okigwe Local Government Area of Imo. State in particular. This paper therefore, examined local stone quarrying and the socio-economic empowerment of youths in rural communities in Okigwe local government area of Imo State, Nigeria. The study was guided by five research objectives, along with corresponding research questions and hypotheses. The population of the study was 193. The instruments for data collection included questionnaire and in-depth interview. The theoretical framework adopted for the study was the Environmental Factor Theory. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS), and Spearman's rank-order correlation was employed for hypotheses testing. A Cross section design was adopted. The findings revealed that local stone quarrying significantly empowered the youths both socially and economically. These benefits were observed in areas such as income generation and enhanced social relevance when compared to youths in other occupations. It also enabled them to embark on self-help projects such as building their houses and saving money to start businesses. Moreover, it discouraged their involvement in deviant behaviours and contributed to their psychological stable in their rural communities. It was recommended that the government should encourage them by donating periodically excavating tools such as digger, shovels among others.
Local Stone Quarry, Youths, Empowerment, Socio-Economic, Rural Community
Duru, Fidelia Amara PhD & Nwaugo, Valentine Chinonso PhD