NEGOTIATING UNITY IN DIVERSITY: POWER-SHARING AND NATION-BUILDING IN NIGERIA, 1999-2023

Abstract

This study explores power sharing in a multi-ethnic state and its implications for nation-building, focusing on Nigeria from 1999 to 2023. The objective is to understand how mechanisms such as zoning, rotation, and the Federal Character Principle have been utilized to manage ethnic diversity and promote national unity. Using a qualitative methodology, the study draws on secondary sources, including academic literature, government reports, and media articles. A thematic approach is adopted to examine the effectiveness and challenges of these power-sharing arrangements. The findings indicate that while these mechanisms have helped mitigate ethnic tensions and ensure representation, they have also been affected by favoritism, regional imbalances, and political manipulation. Furthermore, regional agitations and insurgencies highlight the need for more inclusive and adaptable policies to achieve sustainable nation-building and national integration in Nigeria.