MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF LAW, EDUCATION AND HUMANITIES
The Multidisciplinary Journal of Law, Education, and Humanities (ISSN: 3043-6435; E-ISSN: 3043-6486) is a peer-reviewed academic publication dedicated to fostering innovative research and dialogue across interconnected fields. Recognizing the interwoven nature of legal studies, educational advancements, and the rich tapestry of humanistic disciplines, this journal provides a platform for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers to share insights, challenge paradigms, and contribute to the evolution of knowledge. Our mission is to bridge the gaps between disciplines, highlighting the relevance of interdisciplinary approaches to addressing contemporary challenges. The journal welcomes a broad spectrum of topics, including but not limited to legal reform, pedagogical innovation, cultural studies, ethics, linguistics, and social justice. MJLEH is a publication of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria.
EQUITABLE ACCESS TO EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY AS A PREDICTOR OF STUDENTS’ LEARNING OUTCOMES IN RURAL PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
Equitable access to educational technology is increasingly recognized as a critical factor influencing students’ learning outcomes, particularly in rural and underserved communities. However, rural public secondary schools in Anambra State, Nigeria, continue to experience challenges related to limited access to digital devices, poor internet connectivity, and inadequate teacher facilitation of technology use. This study examined equitable access to educational technology as a predictor of students’ learning outcomes in rural public secondary schools in Anambra State, Nigeria. Guided by a correlational research design, the study focused on digital device availability, internet access, and teachers’ facilitation of technology use. The population comprised 4,820 senior secondary school students from 134 rural public secondary schools, from which 480 students were selected through a multistage sampling procedure. Data were collected using the Equitable Access to Educational Technology Questionnaire (EAETQ) and the Learning Outcomes Questionnaire (LOQ). The instruments yielded reliability coefficients of 0.84 and 0.85, respectively, using Cronbach’s alpha. Simple linear regression was used to answer the research questions and test the hypotheses at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that the availability of digital devices, internet access, and teachers’ facilitation of technology use significantly and positively predicted students’ learning outcomes. The study concluded that equitable access to educational technology is a significant determinant of students’ learning outcomes in rural secondary schools. The study recommended improved provision of digital infrastructure and continuous teacher training to enhance inclusive and technology-supported learning in rural schools.
Equitable Access to Educational Technology, Students’ Learning Outcomes, Digital Inclusion, Internet Connectivity, Rural Public Secondary Schools.
Ikegbusi, Njideka Gloria, PhD; Ohamobi, Ifunanya Nkechi, PhD; Manafa, Ifeyinwa Frances, PhD; Okafor, Patrick Chinenye, PhD; Onyekwelu, Raphael Azubike, PhD
L'IMPACT DE LA TRADUCTION PAR IA SUR LES RENCONTRES ET RELATIONS INTERCULTURELLES A L'ÉCHELLE MONDIALE
L’intelligence artificielle (IA) a transformé la communication mondiale, notamment grâce aux systèmes de traduction alimentés par l’IA qui surmontent les barrières linguistiques dans divers contextes, comme les rencontres interculturelles et les relations. Ces outils permettent une communication sophistiquée en temps réel, favorisant des connexions plus profondes, une empathie accrue et une meilleure compréhension culturelle. Ils facilitent également les interactions professionnelles et sociales, ouvrant la voie à des collaborations au-delà des frontières linguistiques. Cependant, les limites de la traduction par IA, comme l’incapacité à rendre fidèlement les nuances culturelles et émotionnelles, posent problème. Des questions éthiques liées à la confidentialité des données, la dépendance excessive à la technologie et les biais inhérents aux systèmes d’IA soulignent la nécessité d’une utilisation équilibrée. Cet article explore le potentiel transformateur de l’IA dans la communication mondiale tout en mettant en lumière ses limites, et propose une intégration réfléchie pour améliorer les connexions humaines tout en préservant l’authenticité et la richesse culturelle. Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed worldwide communication, particularly through AI powered translation systems that overcome language barriers in a variety of scenarios, such as cross cultural dating and relationships. These tools facilitate real-time, sophisticated communication, encouraging deeper connections, increasing empathy, and promoting cultural understanding. They also allow for seamless contact in professional and social settings, increasing potential for collaboration across linguistic boundaries. However, the limits of AI translation, such as mistakes in communicating cultural nuances and emotional details, pose issues. Ethical issues about data privacy, over-reliance on technology, and inherent biases in AI systems emphasize the importance of balanced usage. This article examines AI's transformational potential in global communication while acknowledging its limitations, calling for a refined integration that improves human connection while preserving authenticity and cultural richness.
Intelligence artificielle (IA), traduction par IA, communication interculturelle, compréhension culturelle, considérations éthiques
Edith Ruth Iroetugo; Ozioma Siddharta Omedobi Anyawuike
TIME MANAGEMENT AS A PREDICTOR OF ACADEMIC DISHONESTY AMONG UNDERGRADUATES IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN ANAMBRA STATE
This study investigated time management as a predictor of academic dishonesty among undergraduates in public universities in Anambra State. The study was guided by two research questions and two hypotheses. A correlational research design was adopted for the study. The population comprised 43,085 undergraduates from two public universities in Anambra State. The sample size consisted of 400 undergraduates (191 males and 209 females) selected using proportionate stratified sampling procedures. Two instruments were used for data collection, namely the Time Management Questionnaire (TMQ) and the Academic Dishonesty Questionnaire (ADQ). The reliability coefficients of the instruments were 0.94 and 0.88 for the TMQ and ADQ respectively. The data collected were analyzed using simple regression statistics to answer the research questions and test the null hypotheses at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that time management negatively predicted academic dishonesty among undergraduates in public universities in Anambra State. The findings also showed that time management negatively predicted academic dishonesty among both male and female undergraduates in public universities in Anambra State. Based on the findings of the study, conclusions were drawn. In view of the findings, the study recommended, among others, that university administrators should integrate programmes that inculcate adequate time management skills into the academic curriculum and extracurricular activities through regular seminars, workshops, and ethical leadership training aimed at reducing academic dishonesty associated with poor time management among students.
public university, Academic Dishonesty, Time Management, undergraduates
Okeke, Gloria Nneka; Obikeze, N. J.; Obi, I. E.
THE PIDGIN LANGUAGE AS A TOOL FOR POETIC REFLECTIONS IN ECHEZONA IFEJIRIKA'S SONGS OF INITIATION
This work focuses on how Echezona Ifejirika uses Pidgin English in his text, Songs of Initiation, to depict some societal ills and follies in the Nigerian system. These societal ills, such as fraud, joblessness, squandering and misuse of public funds, economic and political instability, poor standards of education, examination malpractice, embezzlement, bribery and corruption, sheer wickedness, and other forms of irregularities, are frowned upon by the poet, primarily to correct them through his work. The poet’s use of an alternative language reflects his opinion that poems can also be written in a manner that can be easily understood by ordinary people and not only by the elites in society. This implies that the research exposes the poet and his poems to a wider audience with a view to sharing the contents and lessons of the poems. The theoretical framework of this work is sociological theory because of the contemporary issues discussed in the text. The data for this study were obtained through literary research from different textbooks, library materials, journals, dictionaries, internet sources, and the primary text, Songs of Initiation. However, this work aims to caution society through Pidgin English poetry, while also advising Nigerian politicians who have taken governance as an avenue for private enrichment to retrace their steps.
Pidgin, Society, Poem, Follies, Alternative, Layman
DIGITAL CONTENT DEVELOPMENT AS CORRELATE OF JOB PERFORMANCE OF UNIVERSITY LECTURERS IN SOUTH EAST, NIGERIA
This study examined digital content development as a correlate of the job performance of university lecturers in South East Nigeria. The study adopted a correlational survey research design. The sample consisted of 333 lecturers drawn from four federal universities in South East Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was adopted for the study. The instruments for data collection were three researcher-developed questionnaires titled: Transformative Professional Development Questionnaire (TPDQ), Empowerment Strategies Questionnaire (ESQ), and Lecturers’ Job Performance Questionnaire (LJPQ). Out of the 333 copies of the three instruments administered, 313 copies, representing approximately 94% return rate, were properly completed by the respondents and used for data analysis. Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to answer the research questions raised for the study, while linear regression analysis was used to test the null hypothesis that guided the study at the 0.05 level of significance. Based on the analysis, it was found, among others, that digital content development significantly related to the job performance of university lecturers to a very high positive extent, while empowerment strategies significantly related to lecturers’ job performance to a high positive extent in South East Nigeria. The regression result revealed a significant probability (p) value of 0.001, which is less than the alpha value of 0.05. The study concluded that lecturers need to be adequately exposed to digital development programmes to enable them acquire the necessary skills required to improve their job performance. It was therefore recommended that university management should ensure that every lecturer demonstrates a very high level of digital competence before appointment.
Digital content development, job performance, university lecturer, Southeast, Nigeria
Ejike-Onu Monica Nkechinyere & Modebelu Melody Ndiddi (PhD)
FARMERS-HERDERS CONFLICT AND MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICE UTILIZATION IN RURAL NIGERIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Background: The persistent conflict between farmers and herders in rural Nigeria has emerged as a significant threat to public health, yet its specific impact on maternal health service utilization remains underexplored. This systematic review examines how the Farmers-Herders conflict affects maternal health service utilization in rural Nigeria, with particular focus on the North-Central and Middle Belt regions. Methods: A systematic review was conducted. Literature was retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were synthesized. Results: Findings show that the farmers-herders conflict significantly disrupts maternal health service utilization through both supply-side and demand-side pathways. Supply-side disruptions include destruction of health infrastructure, displacement of healthcare workers, and breakdown of medical supply chains. Demand-side barriers include insecurity-related fear, long travel distances, economic hardship, and restricted mobility. These factors collectively reduce antenatal care attendance, skilled birth delivery, and postnatal care utilization. Displaced populations experience additional barriers, including fragmented continuity of care and limited humanitarian support. Conclusion: The Farmers-Herders conflict constitutes a structural determinant of maternal health service utilization in rural Nigeria. Addressing this crisis requires multi-pronged interventions, including secure healthcare infrastructure, mobile health units, conflict-zone allowances for health workers, community-based support integration, and comprehensive maternal health services within humanitarian responses for displaced populations. Sustainable land governance and effective conflict resolution mechanisms are essential complements to health sector reforms.
Antenatal care, Farmer-herder conflict, Health service utilization, Internal displacement, Maternal health, Rural Nigeria
Ngozi Chinenye Okeke; Leona Adimchi Eke; Bisiola Ekelechi Okoye; Eberechukwu Odichichimma Ogboke
RELIGIOUS TERRORISM IN NIGERIA AND ITS THREAT TO NATIONHOOD
The aim of this paper is to examine the threat posed by religious radicalism—particularly forms associated with extremist interpretations of Islam—to global culture and civilization, and to propose pathways for addressing this challenge. Using the analytical method, the study investigates the ideological foundations of religious fanaticism and its impact on democratic institutions, cultural heritage, and modern secular values. The scope of the study includes conceptual analyses of religion, culture, and civilization; historical instances of religious fanaticism in Christianity, such as the Spanish Inquisition and the persecution of early scientists; as well as an examination of contemporary forms of Islamic extremism within a global context. It also considers the destruction of educational institutions and cultural heritage in regions such as Syria, Iraq, Nigeria, and Afghanistan, alongside a critical evaluation of responses ranging from military coalitions to cultural and ideological countermeasures. The analysis indicates that while religious fanaticism is not confined to any single tradition, extremist movements can pose serious challenges to universal values such as reason, scientific inquiry, individual freedom, and secular governance. In some cases, these movements have contributed to the destruction of cultural memory and historical identity through attacks on monuments, manuscripts, and educational systems. The paper concludes that the international community must respond with coordinated and principled efforts to safeguard cultural heritage, democratic institutions, and human freedom. Such responses should avoid both uncritical generalizations about entire religious traditions and the escalation of reciprocal extremism, while promoting dialogue, education, and inclusive governance as long-term strategies for stability.
Nigeria, religious terrorism, nation, and threat
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF OIL EXPLORATION ON THE ENVIRONMENT OF HOST COMMUNITY IN NIGERIA
It is incontrovertible that oil, christened “black gold”, fuels the global economy. Due to the enormous financial resources that can accrue from this product, the discovery of oil in any location, particularly developing countries, is greeted with great excitement. Although the discovery of oil creates a sense of hope and expectation that the revenue would lead to the development of host communities in particular, and countries as a whole, in most cases, this dream has remained illusory as the exploration of the oil resources has led to the destruction of local host communities in oil-producing developing countries. In the face of this hopelessness, access to environmental justice becomes an indispensable beacon of hope to offer both reprieve and reparation to the citizens, as well as deterrence to the violators. Sadly however, as this research will reveal, accessing environmental justice, even as a last resort, is not an easy ride. The paper aimed at analyzing the impact of oil exploration on the environment of host communities in Nigeria. The doctrinal research methodology was employed to achieve the aim of this paper. The finding of the paper revealed that oil exploration activities do not only have health, environmental and social implications but they reduce life expectancy. This paper therefore recommended that the executive and other relevant agencies should rise to the occasion to enforce all environmental laws to ensure that there is environmental justice in host communities in Nigeria.
Bassey, Ekere Edet; Kenn. Chinemelu Nwogu
FOSTERING MUSIC EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS THROUGH MUSIC PARTNERSHIP
This paper has demonstrated that music education in schools can be enhanced through strategic partnerships. Schools can collaborate with tertiary institutions, professional bodies, international organizations, and local music groups to nurture pupils’ and students’ musical development. The study explored and highlighted partnerships between several primary schools in Anambra State and the Department of Music, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, over a one-year period (2025–2026), which produced remarkable results. The focus of the partnership was training in cultural dance, conducted by eight members of the renowned Oyoma Dance Troupe of the Department of Music, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka—a group established by the researcher in February 2025. The methodology adopted was practice-based research, which involves generating knowledge through practical engagement. Substantial insights were gained through the various training sessions conducted as part of the partnerships. These trainings culminated in the unveiling of school dance troupes during cultural events organized by the respective schools. The training sessions involved coaching pupils in synchronized dance steps using recorded cultural music. Several challenges were encountered during the study, including the unavailability of traditional musical instruments due to high costs; difficulty in selecting appropriate recorded cultural music; high transportation costs for trainers traveling to and from the schools; time constraints in scheduling rehearsals due to tight school timetables; limited availability of the trainers, who were undergraduate students; challenges in managing pupils effectively during rehearsals; and the financial burden of producing costumes for members of each school’s dance troupe. Despite these challenges, appropriate solutions were implemented, and the outcomes of the partnership were positive.
music education, partnership, cultural/traditional dance
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF POOR MONTHLY ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION EXERCISE IN ONITSHA: A STUDY OF FEGGE, ONITSHA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ANAMBRA STATE
This study explored the environmental impacts of poor monthly environmental sanitation exercise in Onitsha, with a focus on Fegge in Onitsha South Local Government Area, Anambra State. The objectives of the study were to examine the prevalence and major causes of poor participation in monthly environmental sanitation, assess the impact of such poor participation, and proffer solutions for improving participation in Fegge, Onitsha South Local Government Area, Anambra State. The theories used in the study include Nightingale’s Theory, Social Control Theory, and the Health Belief Model (HBM). The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design and was anchored on the Health Belief Model to explain factors influencing public perception and participation in monthly environmental sanitation. The sample size was 200 respondents. A multi-stage sampling technique was used in selecting respondents. The instruments for data collection were a structured questionnaire and an in-depth interview guide. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented in frequency tables and simple percentages. The study hypotheses were tested using Chi-square (χ²) inferential statistics. Data from the in-depth interviews were analyzed thematically. The findings revealed that respondents are highly aware of monthly environmental sanitation, but they exhibit a negative attitude toward participation. The study recommends intensified public awareness campaigns on the health risks associated with poor environmental sanitation. It also calls for the enforcement of stringent government policies against violators of monthly sanitation regulations in Anambra State, Nigeria.
Environmental degradation, Environmental pollution, Refuse disposal, Sanitation
Okeke, Obinna Chukwudalu (PhD); Ohachenu, Ifeoma Elizabeth (Ph.D)
POLICE-PUBLIC RELATIONS AND HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA: SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON EDUCATION, ECONOMIC STABILITY, AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
This paper examines the complex relationship between police–public relations and human capital development in Nigeria, with a focus on sociological perspectives that link education, economic stability, and sustainable development. In a society marked by social inequality, systemic corruption, and widespread insecurity, the relationship between law enforcement agencies and the public is critical in shaping national development outcomes. The study argues that strained police–public relations hinder human capital development by fostering fear, mistrust, and social instability—conditions that directly undermine access to quality education, equitable economic opportunities, and long-term investment in human potential. The theoretical framework for this study is Social Capital Theory, and the analysis is based on secondary data. Drawing from sociological theories, the paper examines how negative public perceptions of the police—stemming from incidents of brutality, lack of accountability, and poor community engagement create barriers to civic participation, youth empowerment, and institutional trust. These factors, in turn, diminish the state’s capacity to mobilize and develop its human resources. The paper emphasizes the need to reorient law enforcement strategies toward community engagement, rights-based policing, and inclusive governance as a foundation for human capital development. It concludes that improving police–public relations is not merely a matter of security reform but a strategic imperative for sustainable development. By fostering mutual trust and collaboration between the police and the public, Nigeria can build a more secure, educated, and economically productive society. The study recommends policy frameworks that integrate law enforcement into broader development goals, with a focus on inclusive growth and long-term national transformation.
economics, education, human capital development, police-public relations, sustainable development
Gladys Amaechi Ohazulike; Queeneth Ndidiamaka Okafor
INTERNAL FACTORS INFLUENCING CYBER SECURITY COMPLIANCE AMONG CIVIL SERVANTS IN AWKA SOUTH LGA
This study investigated internal factors influencing cyber security compliance among civil servants in Awka South LGA. Reinforcement theory by B.F. Skinner was adopted as the theoretical framework of the study. The mixed methods research design was adopted for the study. The multi-stage sampling procedure which was made up of cluster and simple random sampling procedure was used in selecting a sample size of 204 respondents for the study. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as the frequency counts and simple percentages while the qualitative data were analyzed using the thematic method of data analysis.. Findings showed that internal factors influencing cyber security compliance among civil servants include management policy on cyber security, computer literacy level, work ethics and improved supervision of workers. Consequences of non-compliance to cyber security among civil Servants in Awka South LGA include data loss, bad public image, low productivity, security breaches and cyber attacks. The study therefore recommends amongst others the need for awareness creation on the benefits of cyber security compliance in Awka South LGA. Also, there is need for periodic update of office software and operating systems for civil servants in the study area.
Chikwendu, Stephen Chilaka; Obiefuna, Nneka Marina; Anaekwe, Henry Ebuka
AFRICAN TRADITIONAL VALUES AND SOCIAL ETHICS IN COMBATING TERRORISM AND VIOLENT CRIMES IN NIGERIA
This empirical study examines the relevance and applicability of African traditional values and social ethics as complementary frameworks for combating terrorism and violent crimes in Nigeria. Drawing on mixed-methods research that integrates structured interviews with 420 community leaders, traditional rulers, security practitioners, and civil society actors across six geopolitical zones, alongside an analysis of secondary data from Nigeria's National Bureau of Statistics, the Global Terrorism Index, and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) the study assesses how indigenous value systems, including Ubuntu philosophy, communal solidarity (Omoluabi), restorative justice mechanisms, and ancestral prohibitions on violence, function as preventive and rehabilitative resources against political violence and crime. Findings reveal that communities with robust traditional governance structures and practising active indigenous social ethics demonstrate statistically significantly lower rates of violent crime recruitment (p < .05) and enhanced community-based early warning mechanisms. The study further identifies the erosion of traditional value systems by globalisation, urbanisation, and political marginalisation as a critical vulnerability that extremist organisations exploit for radicalisation. The article recommends the institutionalisation of hybrid security governance frameworks that systematically integrate African traditional ethics with formal law enforcement, policy reform in community policing, and investment in indigenous knowledge preservation. The findings contribute to localisation debates in counter-terrorism and criminology, with significant policy implications for Sub-Saharan Africa.
African traditional value,, social ethics, terrorism, violent crime, counter-terrorism, community policing, indigenous governance
NAMING, IDENTITY, AND CULTURE: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY OF UMUCHU IN IGBO LAND
In Igbo people society in southeastern Nigeria, personal names carry deep cultural significance. Umuchu is one of the towns in Igbo land whose people attach profound meaning to names. The indigenes of Umuchu believe that a name goes beyond the attitude of “what is in a name?” a notion that has eroded this heritage through modernization and globalization. For the people of Umuchu names are an embodiment of their mentality and lifestyle, symbolically revealing their culture, sentiments, aspirations, beliefs, hopes, fortunes, and values. This study examines Umuchu names from ancient times to the present in order to ascertain the extent to which they have changed due to Western or European influences. It also investigates naming conventions, values of life, and the appreciation of life in comparison with the present trend of “modern” names. The study reveals that names are not ordinary tags or labels in Umuchu but are intrinsically tie to the bearer for life. The research adopts a descriptive and survey approach, using interviews as the primary method of data collection. The findings indicate that up to the present day, names in Umuchu still retain their original meaning and cultural significance; hence, they are far more than mere labels or means of identification. It is recommended that parents and guardians continues to give children names of great value, as such names are believed to possess the power to ward off negative spiritual forces. Finally, traditional naming practices in Umuchu represent a priceless heritage, shaped by the people’s thoughts, beliefs, experiences, and philosophy, which guide and influence the name-bearer toward a successful life.
sociolinguistic significance of names; psychological effects of name on the bearer and spiritual effects of name on the bearer
THE FOUNDATIONS OF AI POLICY: A PHILOSOPHICAL CRITIQUE OF UNESCO RECOMMENDATION ON THE ETHICS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
The rapid proliferation of artificial intelligence systems across societal domains has triggered an urgent need for robust policy frameworks capable of governing these technologies while preserving fundamental human values. It has become necessary to conduct a critical philosophical examination of the foundations underlying contemporary AI policy, especially as current frameworks suffer from insufficient ontological grounding and inadequate attention to the metaphysical distinctions between human and artificial agency. Drawing on the moderate realist tradition of Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas, as well as Kantian deontology associated with Immanuel Kant and contemporary virtue ethics, this analysis demonstrates that effective AI governance requires the prior resolution of foundational questions concerning human dignity, moral agency, and the limits of algorithmic delegation. An examination of the UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence shows its feasibility in addressing core AI challenges, including algorithmic bias, opacity, and accountability gaps. However, ethical principles—particularly human dignity, non-delegable agency, and technological subsidiarity—must serve as the normative bedrock upon which policy mechanisms are constructed, rather than as supplementary considerations appended to primarily technical frameworks. Thus, sustainable AI governance demands philosophical clarity about what distinguishes human beings from artificial systems, and policies that fail to acknowledge this distinction risk undermining the very values they purport to protect.
artificial intelligence, AI policy, philosophical foundations, human dignity, ethics of AI, algorithmic governance
Ikechukwu Bartholomew Ekemezie, Ph.D & Anthony Ugochukwu Nwokoye
SCALAR MEANING AND EVALUATIVE INTENSITY IN EMOTIONAL ENGAGEMENT: A STUDY OF INTEREST, PASSION, AND OBSESSION
Emotional experience is frequently encoded in language through lexical items that express varying degrees of psychological involvement. This study investigates scalar meaning and evaluative intensity within the lexical field of emotional engagement, focusing on the expressions interest, passion, and obsession. Drawing on insights from Lexical Semantics and the theoretical principles of Scalar Semantics, the study explores how these lexical items function as gradable expressions representing increasing levels of emotional attachment. The analysis also considers the role of semantic prosody in shaping the evaluative interpretations associated with each term. Using qualitative semantic analysis, the study examines the conceptual relationships, evaluative meanings, and typical contextual associations of the three lexical items. The findings suggest that interest, passion, and obsession form a structured semantic continuum representing progressive degrees of emotional intensity. While interest denotes mild curiosity or engagement and is generally interpreted as neutral, passion reflects a stronger and positively valued emotional commitment. In contrast, obsession represents an extreme level of emotional attachment that often carries negative evaluative implications due to its association with excessive or compulsive behaviour. The study demonstrates that emotional lexical items are not isolated semantic units but are organized within graded structures that encode both conceptual intensity and social evaluation. By highlighting the interaction between scalar meaning and evaluative interpretation, this research contributes to ongoing discussions in lexical semantic theory concerning the representation of affective meaning in language. The study further underscores the importance of examining emotional vocabulary through scalar and evaluative frameworks in order to better understand how speakers linguistically conceptualize varying degrees of emotional engagement.
Scalar Meaning, Evaluative Intensity, Lexical Semantics, Semantic Prosody, Emotional Intensity
Nweke, Lucy Chinwe, Ph.D & Ofoegbu, Cyril Okechukwu, Ph.D
POLICE FORCE OPERATIONS AND FAILED SECURITY SYSTEM IN NIGERIA; A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS
The Nigeria Police Force is the primary law enforcement agency in Nigeria, mandated by the constitution to maintain law and order and exercise jurisdiction throughout the country. The force comprises 36 state commands and the Federal Capital Territory. Its core mandate includes protecting the lives and property of citizens, investigating offenses, arresting offenders, detaining and prosecuting individuals or groups suspected of violating the law. Despite its size and constitutional authority, the performance of the Nigeria Police Force has often fallen short of its optimal efficiency. Challenges in combating crime and ensuring security stem from a combination of internal and external factors. Using a historical approach, this paper identifies key inhibitors of police performance, including poor funding, military interventions in governance, inappropriate deployment, corruption, indiscipline, inadequate basic and continuous training, and noncompliance with policy guidelines and constitutional provisions regarding human rights and the rule of law. This study draws on secondary operational documents, gazetted information, and primary research sources to provide a qualitative historical analysis. Based on these findings, the paper concludes with informed recommendations for improving service delivery, enhancing the efficiency of the police, and ensuring the security of lives and property of Nigerian citizens.
Police, security, citizens, mandate, efficiency
MASQUERADE, THE VISIBLE SPIRIT IN IGBO SPIRITUAL UNIVERSE: A SYMBOL OF CULTURE AND SPIRITUALITY
In many African cultures, spirituality is deeply connected with daily life, tradition, and identity. It is a physical representations of the spirits of ancestors through the adornment of the masks. One of the most prominent and visually striking expressions of this spiritual presence in the Igbo culture is the masquerade, an art form and cultural practice that represents the crossway of the physical and the spiritual worlds. Masquerades are not mere performances, but rituals that reveal, mediate, and engage the invisible spirits that are believed to influence the lives of the living. These masquerades are considered embodiment of the spirits of ancestors, gods, or supernatural forces, and they often appear during important cultural, religious, and social events. Masquerade is an exclusive secret society performed only by initiated men and involve the use of colourful costumes and unique spiritual language meant to invoke the ancestral spirits of the dead.
Orah Takuso M. (PhD., Unizik) & Rev Dr R. C. Arazu. (PhD)
FAMILY RELATIONSHIP AND FINANCIAL STRESS AS PREDICTORS OF SUICIDAL IDEATION AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
This study examined family relationship and financial stress as predictors of suicidal ideation among undergraduate students of a Nigeria University. A total of 300 students aged 16-25 years (M = 20.70, SD = 2.00) were selected from different departments in the university. Data were collected using the Suicidal Ideation Scale, the Index of Family Relations, and a Financial Stress Scale. A predictive survey research design was adopted and data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results indicated that family relationship significantly predicted suicidal ideation (β = −.502, p < .05), suggesting that poor family relationships were associated with higher suicidal ideation. Financial stress also significantly predicted suicidal ideation (β = .632, p < .05), indicating that students experiencing greater financial strain reported higher suicidal thoughts. These findings highlight the importance of psychosocial factors in understanding suicidal ideation among university students. The study recommends that university counselling services and mental health professionals incorporate family-based and financial-stress interventions in suicide prevention strategies among undergraduates.
suicidal ideation, family relationship, financial stress, undergraduate students, mental health
Anyaorah, G. C., PhD; Okpala, M.O. PhD, Obi, U.C. Nnaemeka, I. J., PhD
LIFE SATISFACTION IN RETIREMENT: THE ROLE OF PERSONALITY TRAITS AND SOCIAL SUPPORT AMONG CATHOLIC PRIESTS
Life satisfaction represents a key component of subjective well-being and is particularly important during retirement, when individuals undergo significant psychosocial transitions. Despite growing research on retirement adjustment, limited attention has been given to religious vocational groups such as Catholic priests, especially within African contexts. The present study examined the roles of personality traits and perceived social support as predictors of life satisfaction among retired Catholic priests in Anambra State, Nigeria. A correlational survey design was adopted. Participants consisted of 51 retired Catholic priests aged between 70 and 87 years (M = 72.84, SD = 5.14) selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using the Life Satisfaction Index (LSI-Z), the Big Five Inventory (BFI), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Multiple regression analysis was employed to test the hypotheses. The results indicated that personality traits of extraversion (β = .679, p < .001), conscientiousness (β = .432, p < .05), and agreeableness (β = .692, p < .001) were significant positive predictors of life satisfaction. However, neuroticism and openness to experience were not significant predictors. Perceived social support also showed a significant positive relationship with life satisfaction (β = .372, p < .05). The overall regression model was significant, F(6, 44) = 18.30, p < .001, indicating that the predictors jointly explained a substantial proportion of variance in life satisfaction. The findings highlight the importance of both dispositional characteristics and social relational resources in promoting psychological well-being among retired clergy. Implications for pastoral care, retirement planning, and psychological support for aging clergy are discussed.
life satisfaction, retirement, personality traits, social support, Catholic priests
Anyaorah, G. C., PhD; Nnaemeka, I. J., PhD, Okpala, M.O. PhD, Okoye Cornelius
INSECURITY AS A DEBILITATING THREAT TO THE FLOURISHING OF BASIC EDUCATION IN ANAMBRA STATE
Basic education is the foundation of the all-round well-being, growth, and development of any nation or society. Failing to pay serious attention to this level of education invariably portends societal disaster, as the society ultimately reaps a generation of youths prone to incivility. Violence and social vices concomitant with such incivility often culminate in insecurity. In an atmosphere of insecurity, the teaching–learning process cannot take place, let alone flourish. This paper revisits the much-talked-about security situation in Anambra State, southeastern Nigeria. It examines the extent to which the status quo has affected basic education in the state. The study acknowledges that the government has taken some measures to address the situation but maintains that more can still be done to adequately position this crucial level of education on a firmer and more sustainable footing.
Insecurity, Basic Education, Debilitating Threat, Anambra State
PUBLIC MISSION SCHOOLS IN FOSTERING ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE AND MORAL INTEGRITY IN ANAMBRA STATE: AN APPRAISAL
This study appraised the role of public mission schools in fostering academic excellence and moral integrity among secondary school students in Onitsha North Local Government Area of Anambra State. The study was guided by three research questions and adopted a descriptive survey design. The population of the study comprised 150 respondents: 100 teachers and 50 students and parents drawn from five public mission schools within the study area. A well-structured questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection. The findings revealed that public mission schools are highly effective in promoting academic excellence, integrating moral education into academic activities, and maintaining high moral standards. However, the study also identified several threats that limit their effectiveness in fostering academic excellence and moral integrity among secondary school students in the area. These challenges include inadequate government funding, parental negligence, and a shortage of qualified teachers, among others. Based on the findings, recommendations were made to encourage these schools to maintain their standards and to ensure proper examination of disciplinary structures in order to enhance students’ academic performance. The government and parents were also urged to fulfill their responsibilities in empowering and supporting these schools.
Mission Schools, Public Mission Schools, Appraisal, Academic Excellence, Moral Integrity
SAMUEL C. IZUEGBU; EKEH, JOSHUA CHUKWUNONSO
AN ANALYSIS OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORKS FOR DURABLE SOLUTIONS AND PROPERTY RIGHTS OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS IN NIGERIA
This paper analysed the legal frameworks for achieving durable solutions and securing the property rights of internally displaced persons ‘IDPs’ in Nigeria and ascertained the adequacy and compliance of these legal frameworks to the set legal criteria or the minimum essential elements requirements of state regulations for ensuring IDPs’ rights to durable solutions, property and housing. The research discovered that achieving durable solutions and achieving the intertwined rights of IDPs to property and housing during and after displacement are complex processes which cannot be achieved without strong legal framework. The analysis of the national legal frameworks for achieving durable solutions and securing the property and housing rights of IDPs in Nigeria carried out indicated that the Nigerian national legal frameworks relating to durable solutions and property rights of internally displaced persons (IDPs) are still not yet in compliance with the set international legal benchmarks and criteria. The research therefore, recommended for development of a binding and effective legal instrument as well as robust administrative mechanisms that will inform and guide the Nigerian government’s responses and efforts at creating the conditions and providing the means for IDPs to find durable solutions and enjoy their rights to properties and housing.
Internal displacement; IDPs; durable solutions; property/housing rights
TETFUND STAFF DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES AS CORRELATES OF LECTURERS' JOB PERFORMANCE IN COLLEGES OF EDUCATION IN SOUTHEAST, NIGERIA
The study investigated TETFund staff development programmes as a correlate of lecturers’ job performance in Colleges of Education in the South-East region of Nigeria. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between TETFund staff development programmes and lecturers’ job performance in Colleges of Education in South-East Nigeria. The study was guided by three research questions. A correlational research design was adopted for the study.The population of the study consisted of 1,027 lecturers in four public Colleges of Education in Anambra and Imo States, South-East Nigeria. The sample comprised 205 lecturers, selected using the proportionate stratified random sampling technique. A validated questionnaire titled “TETFund Staff Development Programmes and Lecturers’ Job Performance Questionnaire” (TSDPLJPQ), developed in line with the research questions, was used to elicit data from the respondents. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was used to answer the research questions. The findings revealed, among others, that TETFund staff development programmes had a high positive relationship with lecturers’ job performance in Colleges of Education in the South-East. Based on the findings, the study recommended, among others, that the selection process for staff development sponsorship by TETFund should be more transparent and inclusive, ensuring that all lecturers, regardless of rank or affiliation, have equal opportunities.
TETFund, Staff development programmes, Scholarship, Conference, Job performance, Colleges of education
Israeli/Palestinian Debacle: Western Posturing and Israeli Disproportionality in the 21st Century, A Sword of Damocles?
This study was carried out to assess the place and depth of western posturing and Israeli disproportional response to the ongoing Palestinian/Israeli intractable conflict. Just as the October, 7th 2023 Hamas attack realistically introduced and deepened the grievances and unfolding scenario within this area, quite aware that variegated enormous energy, time and resources have been expended pursing the highly elusive peace, to no avail, this study while recognizing a host of other secondary contributing contentions on the ground, primarily identify and accuse the stance and actions of the United States and its allies as the major obstacle to this much needed peace. While utilizing the historical analysis tool, the study gravitated into the Conflict Trap Theory by extension. In supporting the study’s assertion, findings revealed not only the reverberating effect of this conflict on the international level, but the unfair detailed encumbrances and support provided by the western powers for Israel, against the Palestinians, driven by diverse interests. How could peaceful restoration on fair principles be attained, when the United States, an umpire in the issue vehemently deploys its resources, influence and its United Nations veto power to prevent the aversion and recognition of Palestine as a UN recognized state, and by implication opposing the proposed popular two-state solution to the crisis? Israeli cumulative blatant disregard of International Law, including the United Nations directives on this prolonged conflict remains a novel issue. Dubbed by the US as the strongest democracy in the Middle East, dwelling on the multiplicity of support from the all-powerful mainstream news media, including the Western governments, steady supply of various military hardware and intelligence, one may understand why Israel’s presenting egoistic platform may not allow it condescend into certain national compromises in pursuit of peace. The paper would want to address this issue; Is Israel above the law? In analysing Israel’s toxic legacy in Palestine, emboldened by the West through contradictions and fabricated narratives, the paper argues that rather than reprisals and campaign dictated by Zionist extremism, the embers fanning Israel’s ego and disproportionate responses should be checkmated to venture an empathic understanding, hence diminishing Israel’s stereotypic genocidal responses. However, if not peace, could both contending parties be heading for a disastrous existential solution? The West could do better by adjusting its faulty posture which is detrimental to lasting peace.
Posturing, Proportionality, Zionist, Hamas, Genocide
THE LAW-MAKING FUNCTION OF THE NIGERIAN LEGISLATURE: THE STRIDES AND THE STRIVES
The lawmaking function of the Nigerian legislature comprises the constitutional and moral foundation upon which democratic governance consists. Despite its centrality to nation-building, yet the legislative institution in Nigeria has always dangled between significant democratic strides and persistent structural failures. This paper interrogates the historical evolution, constitutional mandate, normative ideals, and contemporary practices of the Nigerian legislature to understand the gap between legislative promise and performance. Drawing on historical analysis, constitutional interpretation, and philosophical frameworks which includes Aristotle’s concept of moral legislation, Rawlsian public reason, and Sen’s capabilities approach, this work evaluates both the achievements and limitations of the legislature since the return to constitutional rule in 1999. The paper showcases key legislative milestones such as the EFCC Act, ICPC Act, Fiscal Responsibility Act, Public Procurement Act, Freedom of Information Act, and the Electoral Act 2022, demonstrating how these laws have reshaped Nigeria’s governance architecture. This work however, exposes deep-rooted challenges like corruption, prebendalism, budget padding, partisan capture, and weakened oversight mechanisms that undermine the legislature’s normative role as guardian of the common good. Through comparative insights from Brazil, South Africa, and some European democracies, the study demonstrates that legislative corruption is neither inevitable nor uniquely Nigerian; it is a product of institutional design, political culture, and ethical environment. The paper then concludes by observing that rebuilding the Nigerian legislature requires a synthesis of institutional reforms, ethical renewal, and civic empowerment. Only by reclaiming its moral purpose can the legislature fulfill its constitutional mandate as the custodian of democratic legitimacy and the embodiment of the people’s sovereignty.
Legislature, Law-making, Constitution, Strides, Strives, Democracy
Energy is at the center of man’s existence as well as the pillar of wealth creation. As such, modern society cannot critically address issues of development if such consideration is not based on the basis of effective energy planning and management that enhances optimal utilization, regular supply and availability of energy resources. As a result of the recent happenings in the oil industry, nations are moving towards a long-term availability of oil and gas from sources that are cheap, accessible and harmless to the environment without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own need. Biofuel is a kind of fuel that is produced from renewable organic materials from plants and animals. These renewable organic materials are otherwise referred to as biomass. Biofuel has been identified as potentially reliable and renewable energy resource, and it is promising in this regard, which is as a result of its numerous and overwhelming environmental and socio-economic benefits including rural development, land and soil reclamation, rural employment, energy security and mitigation of greenhouse emissions. The aim of this study is to critically examine the potential uses of biofuel as well as the need for a legal framework in Nigeria. The study will adopt a doctrinal legal research method, exploring both primary and secondary sources of information to achieve its aim. The outcome from the study should be able to strengthen the potency of biofuel, improve the enforcement strategies and make reference for adoption of best practices.
Biofuel, Uses, Energy, Renewable, Sustainability
Charity Chinyere Dominic; Kenn. Chinemelu Nwogu; Mary Imelda Obianuju Nwogu.
THE CHALLENGES IMPEDING THE THRIVE OF BIOFUEL INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA AND THE NEED FOR A LEGAL FRAMEWORK
The popular perception of renewable energy and its sustainability in Nigeria, tends to be concentrated more on solar and in some occasions on wind power. Not much has been seen on biofuel even though biofuel as a source of energy has been in use from ancient times. Biofuel is a kind of fuel that is produced from renewable organic materials from plants and animals. These renewable organic materials are otherwise referred to as biomass. Biofuel has been identified as potentially reliable and renewable energy resource, and it is promising in this regard, which is as a result of its numerous and overwhelming environmental and socio-economic benefits including rural development, land and soil reclamation, energy security and mitigation of greenhouse emissions. As beautiful as biofuel is being presented, not much has been done to encourage its industry in Nigeria. Lack of clear and functional legal framework in biofuel industry is the major constraint impeding the full implementation and utilization of biofuel in Nigeria. In other words, the absence of a legal framework, despite the existence of a Nigerian Bio-fuel Policy and Incentives (2007), no doubt is one of the primary challenges frustrating the growth and development of the biofuel industry in Nigeria. This study aims at identifying the factors impeding the full implementation of biofuel operations and utilisation in Nigeria, as well as specific areas of weak enforcement. The study adopts a doctrinal legal research method, exploring both primary and secondary sources of information to achieve its aim. The outcome from the study will strengthen the potency of the existing legal framework, improve the enforcement strategies and make reference for adoption of best practices.
Charity Chinyere Dominic; Kenn. Chinemelu Nwogu; Mary Imelda Obianuju Nwogu
PREDICTIVE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN STUDENTS’ PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS N ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools offers innovative strategies for addressing challenges in education, particularly in enhancing students’ personnel management for the improved achievement of institutional goals. This study examined the predictive role of AI in effective students’ personnel management in public secondary schools in Anambra State, Nigeria. Employing a correlational survey research design, the study covered the six education zones of the state. The target population comprised 269 public secondary schools and their principals. Using stratified and purposive sampling techniques, 134 schools and their principals were selected. Data were collected using a researcher-designed instrument titled Artificial Intelligence and Student Personnel Management Questionnaire (AISPMQ), structured on a four-point Likert scale ranging from Very High Extent to Very Low Extent. Instrument validity was ensured through expert review by three specialists in Educational Management and Policy, and Measurement and Evaluation at Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, while reliability analysis yielded an aggregate reliability index of 0.82. Data were analyzed using simple linear regression at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that Artificial Intelligence significantly predicted effective students’ welfare, discipline, and counselling management, accounting for between 33% and 38% of the variance in students’ personnel management outcomes in public secondary schools in Anambra State. The study concluded that AI significantly enhances students’ personnel management by improving welfare, discipline, and counselling outcomes in public secondary schools. The study recommended the strategic integration of AI tools in students’ welfare, discipline, and counselling management to enhance efficiency and promote positive students’ outcomes in public secondary schools.
Artificial Intelligence (AI), Student Personnel Management, Predictive Role of AI, Public Secondary Schools
Dr. Patrick Chinenye Okafor; Dr. Ngozika Ijeoma Ekwe
UTILIZATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS FOR ENHANCING SCHOOLS’ SUPERVISION IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
The study examined the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) applications for enhancing school supervision in public secondary schools in Anambra State, Nigeria. The purpose of the study was to determine the extent to which selected AI-driven applications—Teachmint, ClassDojo, and GoGuardian—influence the effectiveness of school supervision among teachers and principals in public secondary schools. Three research questions and three corresponding hypotheses guided the study. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The population of the study comprised 7,248 teachers and 269 principals, giving a total of 7,517 participants across the six education zones in Anambra State. The sample comprised 700 respondents. Data were collected using a researcher-designed questionnaire titled Utilization of Artificial Intelligence Applications on School Supervision Questionnaire (UAIASSQ), which was validated by experts in educational foundations and measurement. Reliability was established using Cronbach’s alpha, yielding coefficients of 0.80, 0.79, and 0.81 for the respective clusters, with an aggregate reliability index of 0.80, indicating high internal consistency of the instrument. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions, while the null hypotheses were tested at the 0.05 level of significance using the t-test statistic. The findings indicated that AI applications—Teachmint, ClassDojo, and GoGuardian—significantly enhance school supervision by improving communication, monitoring, evaluation, and feedback processes, with principals and teachers expressing comparable perceptions of their effectiveness. The study concluded that the integration of AI applications in public secondary schools significantly enhances supervisory effectiveness, fosters data-driven decision-making, and supports transparent, efficient, and systematic management of students and instructional activities. The study recommended that educational authorities and school administrators strategically adopt AI applications such as Teachmint, ClassDojo, and GoGuardian to enhance real-time supervision, streamline communication, and strengthen accountability in public secondary schools.
Artificial Intelligence, School Supervision, Teachmint, ClassDojo, GoGuardian
Dr. Njideka Gloria Ikegbusi; Dr. Fausta Uche Manafa; Job John Edor