CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN NIGERIA

Abstract

Environmental Impact Assessment is a tool designed to identify and predict the impact of a project on the living and non- living things. As a consequence of the illegal dumping of toxic wastes in Koko, in the former Bendel State, in 1987, the Nigerian Government promulgated the Harmful Wastes Decree which provides the legal framework for the effective control of the disposal of toxic and hazardous waste into any environment within the confines of Nigeria. This was immediately followed by the creation of a regulatory body, the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) in 1988. FEPA is charged with the overall responsibility of protecting and developing the Nigerian environment. To put this into action a National Policy on the Environment was developed. This is the main working document for the preservation and protection of the Nigerian environment. States and Local Government Councils were also encouraged to establish their own environmental regulatory bodies for the purpose of maintaining good environmental quality as it applies to their particular terrain. The tool helps to interpret and communicate information about the impact, for the project site. If necessary, it is possible to study various alternatives and provide solution so as to abate/mitigate the negative consequences on human and environment. The researcher examined the environmental impact assessment and therefore focuses on the problems conflict, natural resources constraints, effluent discharges etc. that can pose challenge to the viability of a project. The researcher also examines how the project could cause harm to people, their property and livelihoods or to other nearby developments. After identifying the potential problems proceeds also to identify measures that must be incorporate into the project design at an early stage in order to minimize or remove completely the problems identified. One of the objectives is to improve the suitability of the projects within its proposed environment and lead to a more efficient use of resources than if remedial measures were to be introduced after impacts have occurred. The researcher adopted doctrinal approach wherein he consulted several books, and internet materials etc. It is our finding that it is only by incorporating into the project design at an early stage in order to minimize or remove problems identified that we can attain sustainable development. It is our finding that despite all the efforts put in place by the environmental impact assessment, there are several examples of incidents where the impact on the environment is not accounted for and has deviated from the ground reality. In conclusion, we recommend that government bodies, project developers, and other stakeholders of the society need to come forward to make stronger policies to enhance sustainable development.