This platform serves as a centralized hub for hosting and indexing academic papers from a variety of scholarly journals. Its primary objective is to increase the online visibility of Nigerian research and amplify the contributions of Nigerian researchers within the global academic community. The platform ensures a streamlined publishing process and adherence to international scholarly standards. By offering open access to peer-reviewed research, the platform not only supports knowledge dissemination but also fosters greater academic collaboration and recognition for Nigerian scholarship. All content is submitted by individual authors through their respective journals, ensuring both academic integrity and a diverse range of research output.
THE ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCE ACCOUNTING IN INFLUENCING INVESTMENT DECISIONS IN NIGERIA
This study assessed how human resource accounting is utilized by investors and their investment choices. Precisely, it investigated the role of human resource accounting in influencing decisions made by investors in Nigeria. The staff acquisition and development costs served as the proxy for human resource accounting while the investment decisions were dismantled into dimensions of earnings per share, returns on investment and dividends per share. The study adopted the ex post facto research design in gathering data from the audited financial statements of the listed industrial firms in Nigeria spanning a period from 2015 to 2024. The panel regression technique was used in analysing the generated data. From the results, it was revealed that staff and development costs had a significant and positive influence on both the earnings per share and returns on investment, whereas it showed a weak and negative impact on dividend per share. To this end, the study suggested that mandatory disclosure of human resource accounting information in financial reports should be strictly enforced by regulatory bodies and firms should rigorously prioritize staff development as a sine qua non for increased rate of investments.
Human Resource Accounting, Investment, Profitability
Okeke, Nneka Maureen (PhD); Monday, Monday Akunna (PhD)
NIGERIA’SDEBTFINANCING, DEBTSERVICINGANDFOREIGNDIRECT INVESTMENTSCENARIOINEMPIRICALRETROSPECT
The study was motivated by the need to examine the influence of debt financing and subsequent debt servicing obligations on foreign direct investment in Nigeria. Specifically, it sought to ascertain the effect of domestic debt, external debt and debt servicing costs on the rate of FDI inflows from 2006 to 2024. The research employed the ex post facto design enabling it to source data from the World Bank Development Indicators and the Central Bank Statistical Bulletin as the evidence upon which conclusions were made. In analyzing the data, the study applied the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. Findings from the results suggest that in the short and long run, domestic debts negatively affects foreign direct investment while external borrowings showed a positive impact on foreign direct investment inflows. In furtherance to this finding, the study also discovered that consistent debt servicing had a strong positive influence on FDI inflows in the long and short run dynamics. It therefore recommended amongst others that government should reduce its dependence on internal borrowings while external financing should be strictly targeted on productive activities and sectors that can drive economic growth and increase FDI inflows.
Debt Financing, Debt Servicing, Foreign Direct Investment
Okeke, Nneka Maureen (PhD); Ogbuenyi, Chinwe Vivian; Iweias, Seith Sokiri (PhD)
EFFECTIVENESS OF SUSTAINABILITY AUDITS IN PREVENTING GREENWASHING PRACTICES
This study investigates the effectiveness of sustainability audits in preventing greenwashing practices in Nigerian firms. Using perception-based data from 212 internal and external auditors, the study assessed how audit characteristics affect the credibility of sustainability disclosures. It also examined the role of stakeholder pressure and regulatory enforcement in enhancing audit effectiveness. The results from the regression analysis showed that audit characteristics; independence, scope, and frequency significantly reduce greenwashing practices. Additionally, stakeholder pressure and regulatory enforcement enhance the impact of sustainability audits by promoting greater corporate accountability. The study concludes that well-structured sustainability audits, supported by regulatory enforcement and stakeholder scrutiny, are critical in promoting honest and transparent corporate sustainability practices. Practical recommendations are provided for firms, regulators, and stakeholder groups to improve audit structures and reduce deceptive environmental reporting in Nigeria.
Sustainability Audit, Greenwashing, Audit Characteristics, Stakeholder Pressure, Regulatory Enforcement, Corporate Accountability
How “Necessary Preoccupations” Can Enhance Curriculum Development in African Universities
I propose in this paper that “Necessary preoccupations” can reduce the alien, oppressive and euro centric curriculum in African universities. A manifestation of the euro-centricism is the clear denial of a proper space for African philosophy in our institutions of higher learning. It is observed that almost all African universities offer courses in British philosophy, American philosophy and European philosophy with little or no attention given to courses in African philosophy. The products of these systems eventually are clones that are groomed to imitate the European thought and life. How can this anomaly be reduced in African universities and in the continent in general? I claim that African philosophers and scholars should begin to preoccupy themselves with necessary things that affect the continent with little regards to the sentiments of the western writers. The welfare and needs of the Africans should be given priority in the formulation of curriculum in African universities. The curriculum should incorporate phenomenological and substantive issues and executed through a conversational approach.
Curriculum, necessary preoccupation, African Universities, Africa, Euro-centricism
How Has The Quest For Itiwa Sleeti Aided The Neglect Of African Indigenous Languages?
Itiwa sleeti in a loose translation means “to break the slate,” is an aphorism that was used during colonial period and beyond by Igbo-Africans to denote an unbridled passion to the acquisition of western education. Due to the high cost of acquiring western education and the intellectual rigor involved, many African parents could not face this challenge at that point in time. As a result these parents later took up the remedial challenge of bequeathing their children this perceived asset which they didn’t get. Unfortunately, this unbridled pursuit has left many valuable African cultures to be neglected and subjugated on the long run. The disastrous impact of this neglect is felt in the use of African indigenous languages because many of them are currently endangered while some have gone into extinction. My aim in this essay is to show how the unbridled quest for western education has aided the neglect of African indigenous languages. Though, some external factors like multilingualism, (which is a fall out of mindless partitioning of the continent by the west), Over reliance on foreign languages as official language of instructions by Africans and their government and underdeveloped vocabularies and concepts have necessitated this neglect. I argue that there is an internal factor that is pioneered by African parents to foist these foreign languages on their children with the “mind view” that foreign languages serve the “actual need”1 of the hour more than indigenous languages. I contend that since the indigenous languages help the African child to establish both emotional and intellectual closeness with their parents in communicating their feelings in their own indigenous language at home, then restoration of African indigenous languages should begin from the home since charity they say begins from home.
Itiwa sleeti, Africa, parents, African indigenous language, Neglect.
HOW AFRICAN INDIGENOUS LANGUAGES CAN “SERVE AN ACTUAL NEED” IN CONTEMPORARY TIMES
In this essay, I contend that African indigenous languages can “serve an actual need” in our contemporary time by being careful to intellectualize and internationalize their ideas, concepts and terminologies by African language developers to make them appreciable like other mainland foreign languages. I observed that African indigenous languages are grossly neglected by her users like students, lecturers, parents and the government; who ordinarily should enforce policies that would promote them. This poses a serious threat to most of these languages and leaves them in danger of abandonment and the possibility of going into extinction. I observed also that these predicaments are as a result of negative attitudinal perception of indigenous languages and multilingualism in African as a result of arbitrary partitioning of Africa by the colonial powers. I contend that African languages have the same prospects like their foreign counterparts in terms of richness of ideas, terminologies and concepts. I conclude that African languages are treasures yet to be explored and their potentials are yet to be maximized to the fullest. This is why intellectualization and internationalization of African languages will expose these latent potentials and standardize them for international exploration.
African languages, indigenous, foreign languages, actual need, Achebe
IMMANUEL KANT'S CONCEPT OF HUMAN DIGNITY: A PANECEA FOR POLICE BRUTALITY IN NIGERIA
The Nigerian citizens are facing a lot of challenges both internal and external. Most of the internal problems originate from the government and the corruption from government agencies. Over the years, Nigerians have endured a brutal maltreatment from Nigerian security agencies especially the Nigerian Police Force (NPF). There have been instances of extortion, bribery, unlawful arrest, and collaboration with armed robbers, kidnappers, fraudsters (419), ritualists and scammers by the Nigeria police Force. Unfortunately, nothing tangible has been done to correct these anomalies by either the government or authorities of Nigerian Police Force. In 2020, these anomalies came to a climax that warranted the Nigerian populace, especially, the youth to start a protest against police brutality in Nigerian. The effects, consequences, implications of the protest are still fresh in the minds of Nigerians. It is on the strength of the above that this work employs the method of analysis to investigate the origin, the causes and effects of police brutality in Nigeria. This work will observe that the Nigerian Police are in the habit of dehumanizing, harassing, and degrading her citizens as objects instead of as subjects for their selfish gains and not necessarily to keep law and order by all means. This work will employ the work of Immanuel Kant on Groundwork of Metaphysics of Morals to conclude that human beings should be treated as subjects not as objects. They must be seen as ends in themselves not as means to an end.
Human Dignity, Brutality, Police, Nigeria, Kant
THE PLAYWRIGHT IN A STATE OF TERROR: A CRITICAL ANALYSES OF TWO SELECTED PLAYS
For several years, the problems confronting the nations of the world in general and Nigeria in particular have been reduced to economics, politics, and incessant terrorist attacks. Such plays like Asigbo’s – The Reign of Pascal Amusu; and Rotimi’s If… support this claim. However, for the artist to remain relevant in Nigeria’s socio-cultural and political environment, the artist must first be relevant to the society, for as long as that society exists. He must change with the times. He must understand and have factual knowledge of his immediate society and most importantly, be in a position to wage war against continuous terrorist activities through his/her creative works. It is in fact the Playwright’s sense of duty to think outside the boundaries of acceptable opinion and dare to audaciously say things which no one else would dare to say. This is where the media fails sometimes; recalling the events of 9/11 where the media continually failed in its job to serve as investigator that is charged with the task of thinking outside the box and conscientizing society. Based on this outlook, this research paper seeks to critically examine the role of the Playwright in a State of Terror and discovers that the transcendent nature of theatre as an art, not only shows us the beauty of everyday life, but can also go beyond everyday politics and media publicity to critically address the problems of the day. By way of example, the selected plays reflect the various ways through which the Playwright exposes terrorism and responds to the atrocities of terror in the Nigeria space. In the end, it is the Playwright who triumphs over the conventional wisdom and challenges the reader/spectator to do the same.
Counter-terrorism, Nigeria Space, Playwright, State of Terror, Terrorism, Terrorist attacks, Theatre
Kosy Anulika Okafor Ph.D. & Alex C. Asigbo Ph.D
SEXUALITY AND WOMANHOOD IN SELECTED NIGERIAN FILMS SEXUALITY AND WOMANHOOD IN SELECTED NIGERIAN FILMS
There appears to be a high rate of negative stereotyping of women’s sexuality, behavior, interests, skills and self-perceptions in the narratives of the Nigerian films. Regardless of women’s increasing active roles in nation building and development in the Nigerian society, women are yet to be represented appropriately in the actions and dialogue of these video films which are exploitative of womanhood and therefore do not represent an ideal picture of African women. This paper thus investigates sexuality and womanhood in Nigerian films anchoring on Laura Mulvey’s- Feminist Film Theory to analyze specifically Chinwe Egwuagu’s ‘Mr and Mrs.’ (2012), Emem Isong’s and Ini Edo’s ‘Knocking on Heaven’s Door’(2014), Moreno Paul’s ‘Ije – The Journey’ (2012). The findings show that women were generally portrayed in the movies as objects of sex appeal for men, the weaker sex, domestic servants, the wicked mother in laws and working-class women as insubordinate wives and uncaring mothers, among others. The paper therefore concludes by acknowledging that women should be portrayed in positive roles in order to avoid these negative misconceptions in the larger Nigerian socio-cultural environment.
Portrayal, Nigerian films, Society, Stereotype, Sexuality, Womanhood, Women
Effective Prosthetics Artistry and Character Costuming in Nollywood Films: Challenges of the Nollywood Designers
Over the years, studies in prosthetic artistry and costuming in Nollywood films have been used to strike the right balance between visual spectacle and narrative impact. Being that narrative coherence is essential in Nollywood's storytelling thus, these effects have helped to create a major impact on the characters’ appearance and believability. Although one of the essential parts of the visual aspect of modern cinema, but the inability of the Nollywood designers to seamlessly integrate prosthetic artistry and character costuming that improves on the visual elements of Nollywood films forms the major drawback to this research study. Based on this outlook, the paper investigates prosthetics and character costuming in Nollywood video films and seeks to determine the challenges faced by Nollywood designers in achieving effective prosthetic artistry and character costuming. The paper through a critical analysis and two randomly selected Nigerian Video films- Biyi Bandele’s Blood Sisters (2022), and Inawadolu Greg’s Egwonga - the deadly god (2013) explores how Nollywood designers integrate prosthetics artistry and costume design within the vibrant landscape of Nollywood narratives. However, the paper discovers that Nollywood designers are faced with myriad problems such as striking a balance between spectacle and authenticity in historically informed films, budget and time constraints, lack of technical advancements and innovations, limited resources, etc. The paper therefore concludes that achieving effective prosthetics artistry and character costuming in Nollywood films will set the stage for an intriguing analysis, creativity, resourcefulness, and impacts on extravagant cultural expression and authenticity.
Effective, Prosthetics, Artistry, Character, Costuming
EFFECTIVE COLOUR INTERPRETATION IN NOLLYWOOD NARRATIVES: RE READING OF CHARACTER IMAGES IN SELECT FILMS
The use of colour in films goes beyond setting the tone of the film narrative to thoughtfully convey subtitle messages that help the audiences form impressions and connect with the characters on a more visceral level. Colour can play crucial roles in character’s imagery and enhances audience perception of the film narratives. But the effectiveness of colour interpretation in Nollywood narratives as a crucial aspect of cinematic story telling has been underexplored. This is because, evidence of recent Nollywood films does not accentuate on the effective use of colour especially as it concerns characterization, mood and atmosphere, visual cohesion, audience perception, among many others. Thus, issues regarding these inadequacies have been the major drawbacks on this research studies. Based on this outlook, this research investigates effective colour interpretation in Nollywood films and seeks to explore how effectively the colour was to achieve characterization, visual cohesion, mood and atmosphere and interpretation of specific narratives. This research therefore anchoring on cognitive semiotic theory adopts a content analytical and a case study approach of two randomly selected Nollywood films such as- Ernest obi’s Calabash (2015) and Adebayo Tijani and Tope Adebayo’s Jagun-Jagun (2023) to support this claim. The study, however, discovers that oftentimes, filmmaker’s choice of colour application to character’s images are not effective and thereby hinders communication and audiences’ emotional connection to the film narratives. The study however concludes that effective application of colours to character’s images can enhance communication and stimulate psychological connection by the audiences. The study therefore suggests that filmmakers should maximize the use of appropriate colours in their myriad designs.
Colour, Semiotics, Cognitive Semiotics, Nollywood, Symbolism, Narratives
Uchechukwu Chimezie Ajiwe; Kosy Anulika Okafor; Christy C. Agim
Challenges of Community Reentry for the Geriatric Inmate Population of Onitsha Correctional Centre, Anambra State
Geriatric inmates upon release form the correctional center face severe community reentry challenges, driven primarily by profound social stigma and exclusion, family abandonment, poor health, and lack of financial resources. This study examines Challenges of Community Reentry for the Geriatric Inmate Population of Onitsha Correctional Centre, Anambra State. The research adopted reintegration theory as theoretical framework. The study revealed that geriatric inmates face significant community re-entry barriers which include; stigmatization, homelessness, poor access to healthcare, lack of social and financial support, etc. The study concludes that without deliberate, age-specific interventions, geriatric inmates upon release from correctional centres are likely to face serious challenges which will make their re-entry into their community a herculean task for them. It therefore recommends that the Nigerian Correctional Service should establish transitional housing schemes and geriatric-specific healthcare access programs for geriatric inmates to address the pressing issues of homelessness and medical neglect post-release, amongst others.
Community Reentry, Geriatric Inmate, Ex-offenders, Prisons, Correctional service
Ignatius Sunday Ume; Stanley Ikenna Onwuchekwe; Greg Onuchukwu; Charity Chioma Obi
Influence of Peer Pressure on Youth Involvement in Cybercrime in Onitsha North Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria
This study examines the influence of peer pressure on youth involvement in cybercrime in Onitsha North Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria. Three research objectives and two hypotheses guided this study. The theoretical framework is based on strain theory. A descriptive survey design was employed, and the study sample size consisted of 397 youth residents of Onitsha North Local Government Area, aged 18 years and above. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS, through frequency count, percentage, mean ratings, and charts, while chi-square (χ²) inferential statistics was used in testing the hypotheses. The findings revealed that peer group pressure influences youth involvement in cybercrime in the study area. The implications include erosion of moral values, intimidation of the public with questionable riches, violation of laws, weakening of judicial processes and intrusion of cyberspace, among others. Additionally, the study found that female respondents are not significantly more likely to perceive peer pressure as a leading factor in youth involvement in cybercrime (p = 0.210, > 0.05). Similarly, respondents with tertiary education are not significantly more likely to consider advance-fee-fraud (yahoo) as a prevailing form of cybercrime in Onitsha North compared to those with lower levels of education (p = 0.104, > 0.05). The study concludes that if no stringent measures are taken to curb the menace, cybercrime will not only sustain Nigeria's negative reputation in the comity of nations but also potentially destroy the nation's youth population. It recommends that the government should identify and address other social conditions, such as unemployment, that lead youth to engage in cybercrime, in addition to addressing peer pressure. Furthermore, the study suggests that the society should discourage the culture of celebrating wealth without clear processes.
Cybercrime, peer group pressure, youths, unemployment
Onwuchekwe Stanley Ikenna; Onyeoziri Victor; Ibekwe Christopher Chimaobi; Madu, Tochukwu Emmanuel; George Nweke Igboanugo; Mmesoma Agbodike
L’intermédialité comme un outil romanesque dans la littérature francophone
La manière de transmettre le message principal aux lecteurs dans les œuvres littéraires, dépend plus des styles et de l’époque des écrivains. Le style intermédial joue ce rôle pertinent dans l’écriture des romans contemporains. Les écrivains tels qu’Aminata Sowfall, Fatou Diome, Mohamed Mbougar Sarr et Serge Joncour appliquent bien ce style à leurs romans : Douceurs du bercail (1998), Le ventre de l’Atlantique (2003), De purs hommes (2018) Que la paix soit avec vous (2006) respectivement. La question qui se pose c’est : est-ce que ces écrivains choisissent l’intermédialité pour envoyer leur message à l’audience ? Quels sont les effets de ce choix ? La communication utilise la méthode d’intermédialité littéraire pour analyser les textes de corpus en illustrant comment tel dispositif crée des intermédiathèmes qui enrichissent la signification des œuvres littéraires en question. A la fin de l’enquête, on trouve que les écrivains emploient l’intermédialité en guise de créer des intermédiathèmes, c’est-à-dire des thèmes qui émergent de la convergence de différents médias et formes d’expression, tel que la télévision, la radio, le journal, les lettres, la photo, la vidéo et les logiciels de communication en ligne comme WhatsApp. On trouve aussi que ces intermédiathèmes embellissent la valeur des thèmes et finalement qu’ils mettent en scène les thèmes de manière innovante et pertinante.
thèmes littéraires, style intermédial, intermédialité, intermédiathème
Abraham Enefu; Chioma Elizabeth Ogbu; Precious Chimee Joshua
GENDER AND LAND USE FOR FARMING IN RURAL UBAHA-AKPULU COMMUNITY IMO STATE NIGERIA
Land is an important resource in African farming systems. It is the solid part of the earth's surface and includes the rivers, streams, lakes, ponds, hills, mountains valleys. In fact, it is fundamental to people's existence in most rural communities. In a predominantly farming community land is equal to life, and most activities revolve around land. Access to this important resource in our farming system is, therefore, critical to the life and well-being of the people in our rural economies. This papers examines the issues of gender by examining the differential access to this resource among men and women in our rural communities. Using Ubaha-Akpulu community in Ideato-North L.G.A of Imo State as a case study, the paper explores the dynamics of gender in the processes governing ownership and control of land resources in the community. Specifically, we look at the ownership structure, method of allocation, the target users, costs (if any), and the factors that play out in the allocation and how women’s needs are addressed in the process. The findings inform our stance and recommendations for gender -inclusiveness in policy formulations that will place women on a proper footing in rural agricultural reforms.
Gender, Land, Farming, Rural, Ubah-Akpulu
PREVALENCE OF ARMED ATTACKS AND THE SECURITY IMPLICATIONS IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
The internal security environment of Nigeria appears to have deteriorated in the recent past. While efforts were being made to curb the old security threats; new twists like the unknown gunmen and bandits attack emerged. This paper examined the prevalence of armed attacks and the security implications in Anambra State, Nigeria. The theoretical thrust of this paper was the theory of deviance. The paper adopted a survey research design and the sample size was 400 adult residents of the State. The multi-stage sampling technique was used to select respondents. The major instrument of data collection was a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using frequency count, percentage, Mean score, table of descriptive statistics, and chi-square (x2) inferential statistics through the aid of SPSS. The findings revealed that sources of arms were perceived to be from desperate politicians, local blacksmiths, smuggling from neighboring countries, corrupt law enforcement agents, Niger Delta militants, and prison/security cell breaks. The security implications of the attacks were found to comprise fear to participate in the electioneering process, demoralized presence of security personnel, wanton killings and loss of lives, destruction of operational facilities of law enforcement agents, exposure to an atmosphere of threats, frightening sense of insecurity among residents, wrong signal to residents/investors, increased risk of sexual violence, unhindered accessibility of arms by untrained individuals and looting/burglary. This paper concluded that if adequate measures are not taken to address the precipitating issues, the State and region by extension might not just be turned into a terror zone, but could be deserted. It, therefore, recommended among others, that efforts should be made by the government to call for arms disarmament in the South-East region and grant amnesty to anyone willing to drop his arm.
Armed attacks, prevalence, security implications, and sources of arms
ONWUCHEKWE, STANLEY IKENNA; OKORONTA, CHIBUIKE CHRISTIAN; IBEKWE, CHRISTOPHER CHIMAOBI; ONWUCHEKWE PIUS TOBECHUKWU
Artificial Intelligence Technologies and the Control of Oil Theft in Warri South-West Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria
Oil theft in Nigeria has been a daunting challenge to meeting the approved 1.71 million barrels production per day and has led to the loss of over ten billion US dollars in foreign earnings. This paper examined artificial intelligence technologies and the control of oil theft in Warri South West LGA of Delta State, Nigeria. Queer ladder theory was employed in explaining the complex dynamics around oil theft in the area. Mixed-methods research design was adopted. The target population was 22,234 and the sample size is 1,250 residents. This is in addition to five interviews that were conducted. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and in-depth interviews (IDI) guide. Quantitative data were analysed using percentage, frequency, charts, and multi-nominal logistic regression, while qualitative data were thematically analysed. Findings revealed that there was a high level of awareness amongst residents on AI enabled technologies used in controlling oil theft in their communities. It also showed that AI-powered devices, such as drones, satellites, CCTV and community-based mechanisms were used in the control of oil theft in the area. It equally indicated that these technologies are potentially useful, but their application was inadequate, leaving respondents skeptical of their effectiveness. It again showed that there was no significant positive relationship between respondents’ occupational group and their awareness of AI enabled technological tools for detecting oil theft. It concluded that application of AI technologies is sacrosanct in curbing oil theft, especially when synergized and blended with indigenous knowledge. Recommendations were made in line with the findings.
Artificial intelligence, technology, oil theft, pipeline vandalisation
Stanley Ikenna Onwuchekwe; Ibekwe, Christopher Chimaobi; Ignatius Sunday Ume; Agbodike, Mmesoma Chinecherem; Greg Onuchukwu
Public Perception of Factors Associated with Antenatal Care Utilization among Women in Awka South LGA of Anamabra State, Nigeria
This paper examined public perception of the factors associated with antenatal care utilization among women in Awka South LGA. The objectives of this study were guided by conceptual issues such as; the state of antenatal care utilization among women, factors influencing antenatal care utilization among women, effects of poor antenatal care utilization among women, measures that could be put in place to improve antenatal care utilization among women in Awka South LGA. The research employed a mixed methods research design using a sample size of 204 respondents. Data collected from the questionnaire were processed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software application version 23. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency tables and simple percentages. The hypotheses were tested using the Chi-square (X2) statistics. The qualitative data collected from the field were transcribed which was thoroughly edited, analyzed thematically using narrative method of qualitative data analysis. The study identified distance to clinic as primary socio cultural factors that determine the utilization of antenatal care service among women in Awka South Local Government Area. The study also found out that maternal death, pregnancy complications, infant death among others as effects of poor antenatal care services in Awka South Local Government Area. Finally, the research recommends that free and subsidized antenatal care service, improved facility infrastructure, community mobilization among others were listed as measures to improve antenatal care utilization among women in Awka South LGA.
Antenatal care service, Antenatal care utilization, and Socio-economic factors
Ngozi Chinenye Okeke; Gloria Nwakego Chukwuemeka; Chisom Anaestasi
Socio-cultural Factors Affecting Maternal Nutrition During Pregnancy in Awka South
This study investigated socio-cultural factors affecting maternal nutrition during pregnancy in Awka South LGA. The specific objectives examined the current situation of pregnant women, cultural practices affecting dietary choices of pregnant women, social factors and measures to improve the maternal nutrition of pregnant women. Three theories were reviewed namely: Social constraints theory, life course theory and health belief model. Subsequently, health belief model was adopted as the theoretical framework. The mixed methods research design and mixed sampling procedure were used in this study. The study sampled 204 persons aged 15-49 years living in Awka South LGA. The quantitative data (i.e., questionnaires) were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency counts and simple percentages while the qualitative data (interview responses) collected in the field were analyzed using the thematic method of data analysis. Two hypotheses were tested using Chi–square (x) test statistics and results were found to have positive relationships. Other findings show that majority of the respondents agree that income is a major factor that affects maternal nutrition of pregnant women in the area. A few other contributory factors are cultural practices, Distance to markets, source of support and level of education. The results indicate that while many pregnant women in Awka South consume nutritious meals, cultural beliefs and income levels greatly influence their dietary choices. Education had no significant effect, but free supplements, health talks, and food programmes helped improve maternal nutrition. Based on this findings, the study recommends nutrition education and culturally sensitive interventions to correct harmful food beliefs. It also advises economic support, free supplements, and strong community–health partnerships to improve and sustain maternal nutrition
Fetal development, food taboos, Malnutrition, Maternal nutrition, nutritional interventions
Ngozi Chinenye Okeke; Gloria Nwakego Chukwuemeka; Nneoma Emelechi Okoye; Onyinyechi Emmanuella Obiefuna
Assessment of Community-Based Maternal Health Care Models for Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Nigeria: A Literature Review
Nigeria faces a dual crisis of high maternal mortality and widespread internal displacement driven by conflict. This narrative literature review synthesizes evidence on community-based maternal health care models designed to serve internally displaced persons (IDPs) and conflict-affected populations in Nigeria. Drawing from existing studies spanning 2013-2025, this review examines intervention types, effectiveness, implementation challenges, and policy implications. The evidence reveals diverse community-based approaches including mobile health clinics, community health workers, emergency transport schemes, volunteer obstetrician programs, and faith-based initiatives. These interventions have demonstrated significant improvements in maternal health outcomes, with documented reductions in maternal mortality ratios ranging from 16.8% to 37%, substantial increases in antenatal care coverage, and improved facility delivery rates. However, persistent barriers including insecurity, inadequate funding, cultural norms, and weak health infrastructure continue to challenge sustainable implementation. This review provides critical insights for policymakers, humanitarian organizations, and health practitioners working to improve maternal health outcomes in displacement and conflict settings.
Community-Based care, Internally displaced Persons (IDP), Nigeria
Ngozi Chinenye Okeke; Leona Adimchi Eke; Bisiola Ekelechi Okoye
Socio-Cultural Determinants of Drug and Substance Use among Pregnant Women in Nigeria: A Literature Review
The increasing prevalence of drug and substance use among pregnant women poses significant risks to maternal and fetal health, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria. Drawing on the body of existing research, including publications and articles, this theoretical paper attempts to investigate the determinants of drug and substance use among pregnant women in Nigeria. The Social Learning Theory (SLT) is adopted as the theoretical framework. This paper identifies important factors that affect drug and substance use among pregnant women in Nigeria. Through a thorough analysis of secondary data. These factors include maternal age, partner/husband and maternal education level, monthly income, occupation, partner/husband's substance use, healthcare access, maternall age, socioeconomic status, lack of awareness, societal stigma, place of residence, stress, and cultural beliefs. The study also addresses the effects of drug and substance use on pregnancy outcomes and emphasizes the necessity of focused treatments and legislative changes. To reduce drug and substance use among pregnant women, this paper advocates that the government and non-governmental organizations should consider subsidizing the cost of antenatal medications, community engagement, enhancing public health initiatives, and educational programs aimed at reducing drug use and improving maternal and child health outcomes.
Drug use, Maternal health, Nigeria, Pregnant women, Substance use
Ngozi Chinenye Okeke; Ifeoma Elizabeth Ohachenu; Joshua Akaolisa Ojiochie
Ịka Ụta: A Value Orientation and Relationship Building Tool for Ọmanne Grandchildren
Ọmanne communities (Abatete, Ụmụoji and Nkpor) are cultural minded. Before the Igbo nation which Ọmanne is part of, was colonized by the Western world, they had their cultural values and equally devised informal measures through which they inculcate those values to their younger generations. Some of these values include brotherly love, respect for elders, respect for life, hospitality, ikwunne, kinship among others. Ịka ụta is one of the avenues through which Ọmanne people achieved these cultural values orientation and transmission. Unfortunately, these cultural values and the means of acculturation had come into strong confrontation with the Western influence as a result of globalization. One major consequence of this obstruction on the people’s way of life is incest because some blood relatives can no longer recognize themselves or trace their backgrounds . It is on this backdrop that this work deems it necessary to unravel how Ọmanne communities used ịka ụta as a cultural value orientation and relationship building tool. The study reveals how ịka ụta could integrate relatives for the purpose of identification. It is a descriptive and survey research. The theoretical framework will be anchored on Symbolic Interactionalism. Data collection was by oral interview posed to randomly selected elders who observed ịka ụta in their younger days. The interviewees’ responses formed the data for the research. The literature review was carried out. Findings show that ịka ụta is not only on traditional feast days but can also come up on other occassion like traditional marriage ceremony. Another finding revealed that ịka ụta is a major tool for a consolidated familiarity not only among extended families members but also with their kins people, in Ụmụoji and Nkpor, there is a specific event for it known as ime ọma nne. It also revealed that ịka ụta has been neglected which had resulted in many traditional discrepancies. This research recommends that Ọmanne communities and the entire Igbo people should revive and retain this traditional means of cultural values transmission due to its cultural implications.
Ụdara (African Star Apple): A Symbol of Procreation among Anambra-Igbo People
This research centres on the meaning Anambra peolpe of South-Eastern Nigeria attribute to the African star apple ụdara as a symbol of progeny. So many fruits abound in Igbo land. African star apple ụdara on which this study centres is one of them. These fruits are known not only for their nutritious values but also as sacred fruits from sacred trees. Some of these sacred trees are almost extinct as a result of deforestation. Unfortunately, little or nothing is known about the few that are still in existence based on the change in the value system of Anambra people. For this change therefore ụdara is being mishandled. This study is to portray some cultural beliefs Anambra people have in African star apple especially as it regards procreation. Again, the study intends to create awareness on the mishandling of ụdara by modern Anambra people and let them know the implications of such mishandling. The theories of symbolic interactionism and social change were used for data analysis. This study is a descriptive and survey research. Data collection was by oral interview posed to randomly selected individuals from selected communities which were done at the interviewees conveniences and at different times. The interviewees’ responses formed the data for this study. They were therefore collected, translated, transcribed and analysed. Among the findings of the study is that African star apple is ‘progeny’, that is, it symbolizes procreation and fertility and originally not meant to be sold in the market. Another finding is that some communities presently sell it in their markets as a result of economic and social change in the modern society while some others still do not sell it. The study also revealed that as a sacred fruit from a sacred tree, it is revered as a source of blessing to the people. It is believed that the public, both old and young, students, especially culture students and all culturally minded researchers will benefit from this study as it reveals the views of Igbo communities on African star apple.
African star apple, Attribute, Procreation, Anambra people, Symbol
A PSYCHOANALYTIC EXPLORATION OF FEAR AND HIDDEN MESSAGES IN SELECT NOLLYWOOD HORROR FILMS
Nollywood horror films use fear as a canvas to explore complex themes like tradition, modernity, and spirituality, revealing societal taboos and cultural anxieties. By applying Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, this study analyses how fear is constructed psychologically and culturally in two films: The Origin: Madam Koi Koi (2023) and Living in Bondage: Breaking Free (2019). Through qualitative research, this study examines the imagery, symbolism, and narrative structure of these films to uncover hidden messages. The goal is to understand how Nollywood horror films reflect the collective unconscious mind and influence human thoughts, emotions, and behaviours. Ultimately, this research highlights the importance of interdisciplinary approaches to understanding the media-psychology- culture nexus and recommends awareness of the unconscious themes and symbolism in Nollywood horror films.
SOMTOO ARINZE-UMOBI, PhD; CHIBUIKE M. ABUNIKE, PhD
This paper raises the question; do robots have minds? In its appraisal of recent ascription of intelligence to machine, the paper argues that intelligence is an attribute of a first-order mentality which only human mind possesses. Mind, in the Cartesian glance, is a conscious and thinking substance. The paper therefore examines whether robots which perform these acts have minds. While theorists like Hilary Putnam and Gilbert Ryle deny that mind (as a non-physical substance) exists, others like John Searle contend that machines can perform mental activities attributed to the mind. While opposing firstorder- mental acts to robots, we argue that robots’ actions are solely determined; thus robots lack real, spontaneous emotion and introspective capacity which are bases for moral intelligence.
Emotions, Identity, Mind, Robots, First/Second-order-mentality
THE IMPACT OF CULTURAL APPROPRIATION OF NIGERIAN INDIGENOUS TEXTILES IN CONTEMPORARY GLOBAL FASHION DESIGNS: STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS
In the global textile and fashion scene, cultural appropriation has become belligerent. In this study, it refers to when native designs and patterns are used frequently in textile and fashion designs without permission, proper acknowledgment, or understanding of the cultural significance behind these elements. This study explores the phenomenon of cultural appropriation through the lens of Nigerian indigenous motifs as they appear in global contemporary textile and fashion designs. This is qualitative research. It employed the use of observations, desk methodology and interviews to collect some data. It examines how traditional Nigerian patterns, symbols, and textiles are integrated into international fashion, often detached from their cultural origins and meanings. The study highlights the tension between cultural appreciation and appropriation, considering issues of intellectual property, identity, and power dynamics. It found out the impact on Nigerian artisans and communities, and revealed the broader implications for cultural appreciation, preservation and respect in the global fashion industry. In conclusion, the study calls for a more ethical and informed approach to incorporating indigenous motifs in fashion, promoting collaboration and recognition of source cultures.
cultural appropriation, Nigeria, indigenous textile designs, contemporary global fashion.
A FUSION OF AKWETE-IGBO WOVEN FABRICS AND BATIK INSPIRED BY ULI-IGBO MOTIFS FOR CONTEMPORARY FASHION: IMPERATIVE FOR ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY
The Akwete hand-woven fabrics produced by the Igbo and found in the southeastern part of Nigeria celebrate a rich tapestry of intricate and colourful designs that convey significant messages rooted in the Igbo worldview. Traditionally, these fabrics are reserved for special occasions in Igbo culture, where women typically wear them as two wrappers paired with a lace blouse, while men also incorporate them into their attire. It is uncommon to see Akwete fabrics combined with other materials in everyday clothing, underscoring their unique cultural significance. In addition to the Akwete fabrics, Uli traditional hand painting features over a hundred symbolic motifs drawn from Igbo idioms, slogans, and proverbs. Historically, these designs were applied to bodies and walls, serving both aesthetic and spiritual purposes. Unfortunately, the practice of Uli painting has been in decline, approaching a state of near extinction in recent years. Given the cultural importance of these motifs, this study posits that integrating Akwete fabrics with Uliinspired batik designs in clothing construction can aid in their sustainability and revitalize interest in these art forms. Through qualitative research, desk methodology and studio exploration, the study produces sample apparel that highlights this synergy. The findings indicate that by incorporating diverse indigenous fabrics into contemporary fashion design, one can significantly bolster economic sustainability in Igbo land and beyond. Specifically, the combination of Akwete hand-woven fabrics and batik designs inspired by Uli motifs has the potential to enhance their marketability and longevity while simultaneously promoting cultural preservation. In conclusion, the study suggests that fashion designers embrace a variety of indigenous fabrics from different regions. This approach not only fosters unity but also safeguards the diverse cultural heritage of the nation, ensuring that traditional textiles like Akwete are celebrated and utilized more prominently in modern fashion.
Akwete hand-woven fabrics, Uli traditional painting motifs, batik, contemporary fashion, Igbo, economic sustainability.
“YOU GO INTO MY VINEYARD TOO” (MATT. 20:4): LISTENING TO THE MURMUR FOR EFFECTIVE SYNODALITY
Christ, during his earthly ministry, manifested his large-heartedness in a missionary disposition that was all-inclusive. He showed love to all and sundry through his healings, miracles, and show of compassion. It was love that was as unconditional as it was boundless. His attitude towards the Jews was the same to the Gentiles, to the utter consternation of many, especially those who received the favour. His spirit of synodality was matchless, especially in accepting into his vineyard all who desired to participate, not minding the variation in the time of arrival. He carried everybody along by giving empathic listening to all, especially the dregs of society, the widows and orphans, the oppressed and the marginalised. He always listened in order to bring every sheep into the one sheepfold. At the end of his earthly ministry, he mandated his apostles to the ends of the earth. Even today, the Church goes on tirelessly in the bid to achieve a fruitful realisation of that mandate in our time. Such effort through the instrumentality of the clergy, consecrated persons, and lay faithful is widespread in parishes, dioceses, and religious congregations on different continents around the world. The researcher intends to explore the crucial role of unselective listening in the process of synodality.
Listening, Synodality, Dialogue, Pope Francis, Vineyard
INTELLECTUAL SECURITY AND THE CHALLENGES OF INSECURITY IN NIGERIA
Security in all the strata of life guarantees a kind of tranquility that will permeate every facet of human existence. It engenders a peaceful atmosphere that will go to enhance harmonious co-existence, respect and preservation of human life and dignity, promotion of social cohesion, economic viability and attraction of diverse investments, entrepreneurial enhancement, boosting of productivity, and overall smooth-running of all administrative segment of any country. On the country, the reign of insecurity unleashes untold mayhem in the society ranging from wanton killing, kidnapping, uncontrollable upsurge in crime rate, unthinkable relapse to ochlocracy to mention but a few. Howbeit, such unhealthy situation will be difficulty to nip from the bud unless there is an assured intellectual security. Environment plays a crucial role in the learning process. It is what is in the mental environmental that plays out in the physical environmental. If the mental environmental is properly sanitized and the prominence of the use of reason is made more pronounced, the resultant effect will be evident in an all-inclusive salubrious physical environmental. To that effect, every occasion in the learning process ought to count in the journey towards intellectual security. When a greater number attains intellectual security, insecurity in all its ramification will be vigorously combatted and it will eventually fizzle out. The researcher makes use of expository method and critically evaluative approach. Valuable information on the subject matter will be harvested from secondary sources. The researcher goes further to discuss the outstanding position of intellectual security as a veritable tool in the fight against insecurity. Intellectual security promotes knowledge with character that will eventually zero in on integral development.
Security, Insecurity, Education, Intellectual Security
COLA ACUMINATA (ỌJỊ IGBO) AS A SACRAMENT OF UNITY AMONG THE IGBOS
Human beings naturally live in community which engenders intersubjective relationship that makes for mutual learning and healthy cohabitation among human beings. This is punctuated in a special by their use of reason that marks them out among other animals. Every society worthy of the name nourishes this coexistence to maximum fruition through communication and other forms of interaction. The Igbo people of Nigeria enjoy and cherish this communal life. This is evident particularly in their spirit of hospitality. This welcoming spirit is usually initiated by invoking the gods in prayer through the use of kola nut. Kola nut is a sacred nut which is accorded recognition in every occasion and as such used to call on the gods through prayer. Hidden in its sacredness is the underlining bond of unity (vinculum unitatis) that it signifies. Just as the lobes are naturally but neatly tied together every prayer offered with kola nut, and every celebration in which it is used implicitly evokes that unity upon those being prayed for. To that effect, this research aims at exposing the inner logic of this sacrament of unity which is enveloped in this sacred nut. The research will adopt a descriptive methodology geared towards delineating its unifying aspect. To realize that, the researcher will use the analytic approach to unveil the symbolic unifying force of this sacred nut. Finally, the researcher will recommend that Igbo people should have to concretely demonstrate this unity in every community where they live.
kola nut, cola acuminata, sacrament, unity