ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES OF VACCINATION LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT AMONG PRIMARY HEALTH CARE WORKERS IN JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

Background: Vaccination logistics management is critical to maintaining vaccine potency and achieving optimal immunization coverage. In Nigeria, particularly in resource-limited settings like Jigawa State, gaps in cold chain management, infrastructure, and health worker capacity contribute to vaccine wastage and reduced effectiveness of immunization programs. Objectives: To assess the availability and functionality of vaccine logistics infrastructure, the level of knowledge and practices of primary health care (PHC) workers regarding vaccination logistics, and to identify barriers affecting vaccine logistics management in Jigawa State. Methods: A sequential mixed-methods design was adopted, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data were collected from PHC workers including nurses, community health workers, and cold chain managers across selected PHC facilities in Jigawa State using structured questionnaires, interview guides, and facility observation checklists. The study focused on logistics activities within the last 2–3 months. Results: Preliminary evidence from existing literature and baseline assessments indicate substantial gaps in cold chain infrastructure, with unstable electricity, inadequate storage capacity, and poor transportation networks. Over 50% of PHC workers in northern Nigeria, including Jigawa, have inadequate training in cold chain management, leading to vaccine wastage rates estimated at up to 40% in some areas. Key barriers include lack of training, equipment failure, power outages, and poor inventory and record-keeping practices. Conclusion: Strengthening the knowledge and practices of PHC workers through targeted training, improved infrastructure, and adoption of digital tracking systems is essential to reduce vaccine wastage, improve immunization coverage, and contribute to global health goals such as polio eradication and reduction of under five mortality in Nigeria.