MANAGEMENT OF INTER-ETHNIC CONFLICTS IN POST-COLONIAL AFRICA: A STUDY OF NIGERIA, 2000-2019

Abstract

This paper examines the management of inter-ethnic conflicts in Nigeria between 2000 and 2023, with a focus on root causes and governmental responses. The objective is to analyze how historical grievances, economic disparities, and political marginalization contribute to persistent inter-ethnic tensions and to evaluate the effectiveness of various conflict management strategies employed by the Nigerian government. Utilizing a qualitative methodology based on secondary sources—including published books, journal articles, and newspaper reports—the study finds that colonial legacies, cultural and religious differences, and competition for resources are primary drivers of inter-ethnic conflict. Key findings indicate that while military interventions and policy reforms have achieved limited success in curbing immediate violence, initiatives such as the Niger Delta Amnesty Program and the Plateau Peace Building Agency show promise in promoting long-term peace through economic development and sustained dialogue. However, the study highlights the need for more proactive and comprehensive approaches to address the structural and systemic causes of inter-ethnic conflict in Nigeria.