ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE CRASH OF CIVILISATION: UNDERSTANDING THE FARMERS–HERDERS CRISIS IN NIGERIA

Abstract

The farmers–herders crisis in Nigeria has become one of the most serious challenges affecting peace, food production, and community life in the country. This study examines the causes and effects of the crisis, describing it as a “clash of civilisations” between two different ways of life farming and cattle herding. The research shows that as the environment changes and grazing lands in the North become drier, herders are forced to move south in search of water and pasture. This movement often leads to clashes with local farmers who depend on the same land for crop cultivation. The study also explains how poor government policies, weak security systems, and the breakdown of traditional conflict-resolution mechanisms have worsened the situation. The crisis is therefore not just about land or animals but also about inequality, poor leadership, and the failure to manage resources fairly. The study suggests that solving the problem requires stronger policies that encourage peaceful coexistence, fair land use, climate adaptation, and sustained dialogue between farmers and herders. Understanding this conflict shows how differences in culture, livelihood, and access to resources can create deeper social problems if not properly managed.