THE CONUNDRUM OF IRREDENTISM IN AFRICA

Abstract

The importance of territory in international law explains the fact that it represents one of the main reasons for inter-ethnic, as well inter-state conflicts, in which all sides claim their own rights to the territory. Because of this, geographical claims, in the nature of Irredentism, have been raised throughout history. In Africa, there have been series of such claims, including those of Cameroon and Nigeria over Bakassi, Eritrea and Ethiopia over Badme, Morocco against Mauritania and the Sahahawi People’s Democratic Republic, Somali claim over Somaliland (Djibouti), and many more claims. The reasons for these claims have been attributed to a number of factor ranging from economic disparity of boarder States, historical nexus and demographic overlap. This situation has given rise to loss of lives and unfriendly diplomatic relationship. This paper therefore analyzed the irredentist claim vis-à-vis the international principles of territorial integrity and inviolability of States, as well and the principle of self-determination. Using the doctrinal method of research approach, the paper analyzed provisions of some international legal instruments and domestic laws of some States. Findings revealed that the inviolability of territorial integrity of States cannot be compromised under the guise of agitation for self-determination. At best a referendum maybe conducted with the full consent of the States. It is only through this way that a successful irredentist claim can be recognized.