JOURNAL OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES (JASS)
The Journal of Arts and Social Sciences (JASS) is an academic publication of the School of Arts and Social Sciences, Federal College of Education, Abeokuta, Nigeria. The journal serves as a scholarly platform for the dissemination of original research findings, theoretical discussions, and critical reviews in the fields of arts, humanities, and social sciences. JASS is committed to promoting intellectual discourse, advancing knowledge, and encouraging interdisciplinary perspectives that address contemporary issues relevant to Nigeria, Africa, and the global community. Through a rigorous peer-review process, the journal upholds high academic standards and provides researchers, educators, and practitioners with an avenue to contribute to and engage with current debates and innovations in their respective disciplines.
Implication of ASUU Strikes on the Performance and Survival of Small Medium Scales Business in Selected Public University in South West Nigeria
This study examines the implication of the Academic Staff of Universities Union (ASUU) strike on the performance and survival of Small and Medium Scale Businesses (SMEs) in selected public Universities in South West Nigeria. The ASUU Strike action was identified as the discord that occurs when the Federal government's goals, interests, or values and the Academic Staff Union of Universities are incompatible. Strike, however, becomes inevitable when attributes such as a refusal of union recognition, public policies, failure of collective bargaining, etc., were identified as some of the reasons and causes of the ASUU strike. However, the paper identified that the ASUU strike has significantly impacted the performance and survival of businesses in and around the environment of Nigerian universities because, during these strike actions, students often leave for their respective homes. Therefore, the paper recommended that all stakeholders involved in industrial relations adopt systematic and sustainable mechanisms, which include collective bargaining and industrial understanding, in addition to political solutions toward arresting the embarrassing, incessant, and recurring spate of ASSU strikes. Government and other stakeholders should comply with the content of the agreement made with academic unions to avert strikes, as this not only cripples the academic calendar but also affects businesses and other economic activities within the environs of the universities.
Climate Change and Poverty: Assessing Impacts in Nigeria
It is an indisputable fact that the global climate is changing. These changes have been attributed to natural variability and human activity on the environment. Climate change poses serious challenges and takes centre stage in the global agenda as an issue calling for corporate strategies and appropriate measures by countries, communities, and individuals. The United Nations and other actors are responding to the challenge with the major focus on t he development of strategies, and policy framework. These approaches are used to attain sustainable community climate related livelihoods. It is on this basis, that this paper examines climate change and poverty and its impact in Nigeria. It was revealed f rom the study that the means of livelihood is being affected by climate change. These impacts are as a result of devastating effects of flooding, drought, erosion, desertification, sea level rise, heat stress, pests and diseases, erratic rainfall patterns etc. which are all due to climate change. The paper further emphasized the need for climate policy in Nigeria, the establishment of Nigerian Climate Change Commission (NCCC), the development of a national framework for climate change adaptation, and the embracing of emerging technologies among others. It showcased the new role of agricultural extension in the face of climate risk management. These include awareness creation, mobilization, training, assistance, and dissemination of proven measures of mitigation/adaptation to climate change among vulnerable communities in Nigeria.
Climate Change; Development Strategies: Flooding; Desertification
Ahuwan Samson Joseph, Emmanuel Kurah Gin & Jonathan John Saliyuk
Language Education as Panacea for Effective Teaching and Learning among Pupils o f Primary Schools in Ogun State
The study examines language education as a panacea for effective teaching and learning among pupils of primary schools in Ogun State, Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design, using questionnaires to acquire necessary data for the research work. The population comprises all pupils of primary schools in Ogun State. A simple random sampling technique was used to select five (5) schools in the Odeda Local Government Area of Ogun State, in which twenty (20) pupils were randomly selected from each of the c hosen primary schools to make a total of two hundred (200) as a sample for the study. A self developed questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection. The questionnaire contained items on the main title of the study. The instrument was given t o experts for construction and content validation. The reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach Alpha Two research hypotheses were used and tested for the study. Data collected were analyzed with the use of a chi square statistical tool . Findings revealed that language education is based on four essential skills; listening, speaking, reading and writing. However, as children in the early childhood period do not have literacy skills, language education focuses on listening and speaking processes of effective teaching and learning of the pupils. It was therefore recommended that English is the language of instruction in schools. Hence, students should undergo language education to promote and foster better learning in school, and parents should communicate with their children in the probable pedagogical language to create familiarity with the language.
Language Education, Effective, Panacea, Communication, Literacy
Assessing the Financial and Global Contributions of Nigeria’s Music Industry
Like any other in the world, the Nigerian music industry attracts enormous economic capabilities and draws enormous global recognition. This is evidenced by the increasing record sales and performance of players in the industry, both contemporary and gospel which i s recording high performance and breaking financial limitations, adding value to Nigeria’s struggling economy. This paper examines the music business and the current trends in Nigeria. To effectively address these identified trends, it discusses these sub topics; description of the Music industry; Contributing facets of the music industry in Nigeria; collaborations between Nigerian artists and international artists; assisting the music industry with their frame and scales; notable Nigerian artists that have propelled the growth of music industry; the diversity and genres of the Nigerian music industry; and the challenges facing the music industry. It was discovered that the music industry in Nigeria urgently needs a thorough engagement to drive and contribute to the development of the nation’s economy, which is in dire need of resources to drive its development agenda. It recommends, among others, that to boost the music industry in the country, the government should formulate and enforce official policies ab out copyrights to deter the activities of pirates, which limits the enormous resources which should accrue to the artist and the country.
Music, Music industry: Artists, Current trends
Exploring the Socio-Cultural Dynamics of Female Genital Mutilation in Nigeria
Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a harmful traditional practice that involves the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia for non-medical reasons. It is a deeply rooted social and cultural practice in Nigeria, particularly in the northern regions, where it is often seen as a rite of passage for girls and a symbol of purity and modesty. Despite the fact that FGM is illegal in Nigeria, it remains a pervasive and deeply ingrained practice, affecting millions of women and girls. The social and cultural dynamics of FGM in Nigeria are complex and multifaceted, driven by deeply ingrained beliefs about gender roles, sexuality, and tradition. FGM is often seen as a way to control women's sexuality and ensure their virginity until marriage. It is also seen as a way to preserve cultural identity and maintain social status within communities. Women who refuse to undergo FGM may be stigmatized, ostracized, and even subjected to violence. To effectively address FGM in Nigeria, it is important to take a holistic and culturally sensitive approach. This involves engaging with affected communities, empowering women and girls, addressing the root causes of the practice, strengthening legal frameworks, and collaborating with international partners. Addressing the root causes of the practice requires a multi-faceted approach, including targeted awareness-raising campaigns, culturally sensitive education programs, and advocacy efforts aimed at changing social norms and attitudes. Strengthening legal frameworks and increasing penalties for those who perpetrate FGM can help deter the practice and protect women and girls from harm. Collaborating with international partners can provide valuable insights and resources for preventing the practice of FGM in Nigeria and beyond.
Social-cultural, Female genital, Mutilation, Awareness, Dynamics
Makanjuola, Adekunle Emmanuel; Adenekan, Olusola Adebola; Atoba, Bolanle Olawumi
Constraints to Practices and Styles of Music Education among Orthodox and Pentecostal Churches in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
The study focused on constraints t o practices and styles of music education in Orthodox and Pentecostal Churches in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Quantitative and Qualitative research methods were utilized, respectively. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was used as a qualitative method. Five choristers were selected each from orthodox and Pentecostal churches for FGD, while a multi stage sampling technique was used to select 367 choristers from Abeokuta metropolis, Ogun State. Structured questionnaires collected data on practices, styles and c onstraints to church music education. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, means, and inferential tools such as independent samples t test and Analysis of Variance at 5% significance level. Results revealed that i nadequate musical knowledge / musical illiteracy and adverse attitude/interest towards learning (=1.92) ranked first among musical constraints of music education. There was a significant difference in the mean rating of music styles across Pentecostal and Orthodox churches (F=0.185; p>0.05). Also, there was a significant difference in the mean rating of constraints militating against music education across churches (t=4.637; p≤0.05), with more constraints in orthodox churches (30.7644) compared with Pentecostals (24.4091). In conclusion, church music practices and styles were more constrained in Orthodox churches than Pentecostal churches. Therefore, proactive measures should be adopted, especially among orthodox choristers, to nib the menace in the bud and improve church musical practices and styles across churches.
Music education, constraints, orthodox, Pentecostal
SORETIRE, Eyitayo Aderonke; OGUNMOLA, Felix Ige & BLESSING Uzoamaka Onyeke
Using Empowerment through Creativity in Fashion Design for Post-Covid19 Pandemic Unemployment Alleviation
Recognizing that fashion design is an emerging trend in Sub Saharan Africa with some level of creativity empowering the unemployed youth through skills acquisition from the fashion school cannot be over emphasized. Fashion design manifests art, culture and symbolism, a multi billion dollar industry that creates jobs for designers, models, event organizers, men and women, young and adults. However, fashion design needs to be given the proper attention, mostly in public fashion schools in Nigeria. Given this, this study was conducted on creativity in fashion design: a means of sustaining clothing and textile among students in private and public fashion design schools for empowerment in southwest Nigeria. Two hundred students were randomly selected from home science management, clothing and textile in four Federal Colleges of Education and two Federal Universities in Lagos and Ogun State. In comparison, seventy students were selected from private fashion schools to make 270 respondents the sample size for the study.
Empowerment Programs; Post Covid19; Creativity; Unemployment
OSUNTAYO, Foluso Peter; OTUNAIYA, Ayodeji Oluseyi, Ph.D. & SAMUEL Ruth
Music and Dance as Playway Methods for Effective Teaching and Learning Among Children of Pre Primary Schools in Ogun State
The study examined music and dance as playway methods for effective teaching and learning among children of pre primary schools in Ogun State. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population comprises three (3) local government areas in Ogun State. A random sampling technique was used t o select 50 pre primary school teachers from each of the selected three local governments to make a total of 150 respondents as a sample for the study. A self developed questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection. It was developed on a 2 Likert scale of Agreed and Disagreed. The instrument was moderated by experts who affirmed its validity. The reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach Alpha. Data collected were analyzed using simple percentage and standard deviation statis tical tools. The research findings revealed that integrating music and dance as playway methods in pre primary education offers numerous benefits for children's holistic development. It provides a powerful approach to effective teaching and learning. Educators can create a joyful and inclusive learning environment that promotes children's cognitive, physical, social, and emotional development by incorporating music and dance into the curriculum. This integration inspires children to explore, create, and connect, laying a solid foundation for their lifelong learning journey. Therefore, teachers should develop different customized learning activities by creating a joyful environment and shall plan the activities ranging from simple to complex. Teachers should be encouraged to participate in professional development programmes incorporating music and dance in pre primary classrooms. These programmes can provide training on effective teaching strategies, curriculum integration, and the use of music and dance to enhance learning outcomes.
Music and dance, Playway methods, Effective, Teaching and learning, Pre primary
Fabusuyi Abiodun Oluwaseun & OGUNJIMI Mobolaji, O.
Effect of Covid 19 on the Implementation of the Christian Religious Studies Curriculum in Secondary Schools in Ogun State
This study examines the effect of Covid 19 on implementing the Christian Religious s tudies curriculum in secondary schools in Ogun State. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design, using the questionnaire to acquire necessary data for the research work. The population comprises all secondary schools Christian Religious teac hers in Odeda Local Government Areas in Ogun State. A random sampling technique was used to select ten ( 10) secondary Schools in Odeda Local Government Area as a sample for the study. Ten teachers were selected from each school to make a total of one hund red (100) for the study. A self developed questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection. The research instrument used for the study was a questionnaire. Three research questions were used for the study. The data collected were analyzed using frequency counts and simple percentages. Findings revealed that the cumulative data of "agreed" responses on the Covid 19 Pandemic influenced the member of the resident's area of the study, which was 396 (79.2%). In comparison, cumulative data for "disagreed" responses on the Covid 19 Pandemic influenced the member of the resident's area of the study was 104 (20.8%). The study revealed that the cumulative data of "agreed" responses on the measures taken by religious leaders to support the schools for the teaching and learning in the area of the study was 441 (88.2%), while cumulative data for "disagreed" responses on the measures taken by the religious leaders to support the schools for the teaching and learning in the area of the study was 59 (11.8%). The study recommended that Religious education teachers be allowed to open to new methods of teaching CRS to combat any ugly occurrences like the COVID 19 pandemic so that the school calendar will not be obstructed under the new normal in the educational system . The use of new digital tools should also be introduced for the use of the teachers in order to fit into any condition of the educational calendar if the needs arise.
Covid 19, Implementation, Curriculum, Combat, New normal
ITOPA Priscilla Fiyinfoluwa & Okelloh Ogera, PhD
Youth and Women Empowerment in Nigeria: Catalyst for Poverty Eradication
The socioeconomic status of rural and urban areas in every country could be enhanced through the empowerment of youth and women folk whose activities spread across almost all sectors of the economy. The scrutiny in this study is basically on innovation, skills acquired through empowerment and the resulting entrepreneurial activities in stimulating growth in Nigeria. Data covering 2002-2021 sourced from the Nigerian Bureau of Statistics and issued by the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical Bulletin were used. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag model was employed to analyze data since the findings revealed that youth and women's entrepreneurial activities contributed insignificantly to economic growth in the period considered. The R-Squared ( 0.629882) in the ARDL estimate indicates that all the variables used contributed 62.98 per cent to growth in the period considered, while all factors or variables not captured in the model are responsible for the remaining 38 per cent growth in the economy. The F-Statistics value, 1.259266 in the ARDL Bound test, is less than the 2.86 under the I(0) bound at a 5% significance level, which shows no long-run relationship between the GDP and all the explanatory variables. It also showed that youth and women empowerment positively affects unemployment reduction in Nigeria, but the statistical value is insignificant. This study recommended, among others, that Steps to reduce or stop the persistent increase in the general price should be taken by this present government and that a single exchange rate system should be adopted. At the same time, a climate for industries to thrive should be provided to increase production and stem the depreciation of the naira.
Skill Acquisition, Innovation, Youth Empowerment, Women Empowerment, Job Creation and Economic Growth
Impact of Inflation on Economic Growth in Nigeria (1992 2022)
The paper examines the relationship between inflation and Economic growth in Nigeria from 1992 to 2022. Empirical evidence is obtained using annual data from the co-integration and error correction models. Evidence revealed a long-run negative relationship between inflation and Economic growth in Nigeria. Inflation is harmful rather than helpful for the growth of the nation. The policy implication is that to promote growth and keep inflation low, the government needs to control budget deficits. To check the growing challenges posed by inflation, there is a need to divert public expenditure from consumption to investment.
Inflation, Economic Growth, Investment, Public Expenditure
Effective Theatre Production Management: an indicator for Sustenance of Educational Theatre
Historically, theatrical production dates back to ancient Greece. It can be a performance from high school, college productions, community theatre, or commercial theatre, among others, to attract different audiences. Regular theatrical practice, h owever, remains an important yardstick to determine the effectiveness of theatre on the audiences, who are an indispensable component of the theatre capable of exerting considerable influence on the production. The term “educational theatre” in this study refers to the theatre, which exists as part of formal educational institutions that educate both the student participants and the audience. Educational theatrical productions educate the students by using theatre productions as one might use a classroom as a learning tool. In this case, the audience sits in the theatre auditorium to watch the students demonstrate what they have learned, noting that “if a good theatre depends on a good audience, then every audience has the theatre it deserves”. It is against this background that the paper is focused on theatrical productions of the Department of Theatre Arts, Federal College of Education, Abeokuta, Ogun State, from its inception in 2004 2023, to find out the effectiveness of theatre production towards the sustenance of educational theatre as indicated in the NCE minimum standard. Without gainsaying, the study revealed that Sixty nine(69)play productions from the Department’s Annual theatrical productions tagged “Festival of Plays” and Twenty six (26) plays staged by the graduating students titled “Final Year Productions”, which cut across diverse tribes, culture and religion significantly fulfil the purpose and values of Educational Theatre practice in Nigeria and by extension justified its existence in the curriculum.
Educational Theatre, Management, Performance, Sustainability, Theatre Production
Accessibility of Counselling Services and Students Academic Resilience in Tertiary Institutions in Ogun State
Counselling is a process that takes place in a one to one relationship between individuals faced with challenges which they cannot cope with alone and a professional worker whose training and experience qualify him/her to help others to arrive at solutions to various types of personal difficulties. In a nutshell, counselling service helps the client attain self actualization through a professional counsellor specially trained to render such services , with no gender discrimination. This study examined the accessibility of counselling services and student academy resilience in Ogun State, Nigeria, tertiary institutions. It is a non experimental study, which involves the use of a simple survey research design where questionnaires were used to acquire necessary data for the research work. The population comprises all tertiary students in Ogun State. A random sampling technique was used to select 200 students as a sample for the study. Two (2) research questions were raised and answered in this study. The instrument's reliability was determined using Cronbach Alpha, and data collected were analyzed using a simple percentage statistical tool. The research findings revealed that counselling service plays an essential and crucial role in career choice, improvement of academic resilience and performance and help shape the hostile conduct of students. Therefore, it was recommended that guidance and counselling services be emphasized in schools by having professional counsellors in Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria. Effort s should be made to motivate and encourage students to visit counselling service centres in the school in order to develop skills and capacity for academic resilience, which will, in turn, enhance their all around performance.
Counselling, Services, Academic Performance, Attitudinal Changes
Nigeria's Security Challenges and the way Forward
The persistence of insecurity of lives and properties in society has caused/posed fear, threat and anxiety to the citizens in our society. This paper, therefore, examined the concept of security and identified various types and classification of insecurity facing Nigerian, which includes herder farmers conflicts, terrorism/religion extremism, ethno religion crisis, organized violent groups, weak security system, Niger Delta crisis, and kidnapping among others. However, the paper identified the strategies required by the government to solve the secondary challenge, which includes practical and practice leadership, job creation, good and quality education, improved funding for expanded Armed forces, involvement of religious organizations and the role of civil society and the paper came out with some recommendations such as equity, fairness and justice for all the citizens; prompt actions by the government via reconciliation between herders and farmers, religious tolerance among citizen and increasing security vote of security agencies.
Insecurity; Violent Groups; Herders; Religious Tolerance
Eebo Remi Matthew; Oke Gbenga Samuel & Gbeghebo Fefatei
Utilization of Alumni Association and Their Network towards Improving Quality Education in Tertiary Institutions in Ogun State
The study examined the utilization of Alumni associations and their network towards improving quality education in tertiary institutions in Ogun State. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population comprises all tertiary institutions in Ogun State. Random sampling technique was used to select 5 tertiary institutions in Ogun State; 30 students were randomly selected from each of the chosen schools to make a total of 150 as a sample for the study. Two (2) research questions were raised and answered in this study. The instrument's reliability was determined using Cronbach Alpha, and data collected were analyzed using simple percentages, mean and standard deviation statistical tools. Findings revealed that the Alumni association provide fundraising for development projects, the Alumni association erects buildings, like toilets, lecture rooms, hostels, etc., in the schools, and Alumni provide education materials for better quality education. They also assist in fundraising for scholarships, infrastructural development, capital equipment, buying of chairs, and other purposes identified by the Association to ensure continuous quality improvement in teaching and learning. Alumni's involvement an d contribution is of the categorical imperative and ensure continuous quality improvement in teaching and learning, alumni's involvement and contribution is of categorical. Based on the findings, it was recommended, among others, that the government increase budgetary allocation to education. Alumni groups should be more engaged in managing schools in critical areas to promote quality education in the State.
Communication, Technology, Utilization, Alumni, Network
Examining Adult Literacy Approach towards Repositioning Economic Sustainability in Ogun State
The study examines the adult literacy approach towards repositioning economic sustainability in Ogun State. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population comprises all Federal College of Education students, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. A random samplin g technique was used to select five (5) schools in the College in which twenty(20) students were randomly selected from each of the chosen schools to make a total of one hundred( 100) samples for the study. A self developed questionnaire was used as an ins trument for data collection. It was developed in closed ended of Yes or No. The instrument was moderated by experts who affirmed its validity. The reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach Alpha. Data collected were analyzed using a simpl e percentage statistical tool. Findings revealed that the Adult education approach is a veritable tool for economic sustainability because training Adults in terms of literacy will make them communicate effectively anywhere they find themselves; this will enhance the economic viability of that Nation. Adult literacy education is a valuable tool and weapon for combating disease, ignorance and poverty. The study also showed that a skilled and informed adult population is necessary both for the advancement of social and economic development and the promotion of internal unity. The study concluded that adult education facilitators or educators agree that adult literacy approaches significantly influence the economic sustainability development of citizens in the study area. Therefore, the study recommended that facilitators or educators use television, social media and local FM radio stations within the localities in which the classes are located to advertise the importance of joining the literacy classes to enroll more illiterates for the progress of the Nation.
Adult literacy, Repositioning, Economic, Sustainability, Facilitators
Gender Mainstreaming: A Tool for National Sustainable Development in Nigeria
This paper examined gender mainstreaming as a tool for national sustainable development in Nigeria. Gender mainstreaming begins with the fact that gender equality is a primary development goal and key in any nation’s development. In Nigeria, there seems to be substantial patriarchal or male dominance in the significant aspects of its society. Women seem to be discriminated against and relegated to the background. They are often seen as second-class citizens who belong to the kitchen and bedroom. This has made a significant fraction of women in the nation unable to participate equally in the country’s political, economic, technological, educational and social spheres. When this is allowed to continue, women who are naturally intuitive, creative and innovative are therefore unable to contribute positively to the attainment of sustainable development goals in the nation, such as reduction in poverty, good health and well-being, decent workplace, sustainable communities and economic growth. This paper, therefore, addresses the need and impact of gender mainstreaming on sustainable development in Nigeria. Conclusion and recommendations are also given.
Gender mainstream, Sustainable development, Economic growth
Impact of Food Packaging Materials on the Environment
Food packaging encloses food contents to protect them from tampering or contamination from physical, chemical, and biological sources, with active packaging being the standard packaging system used for preserving food products. This study aims to examine the impact of food packaging materials on the human environment. Three Research questions guided the study. To achieve this, the descriptive survey research design was adopted. The study focused on Odeda local government area. The simple random sampling technique was used to select 150 community members within the study area. A four point Likert Type Rating Scale Questionnaire type, ‘Impact of Food Packaging Materials on the Environment’, was used to collect data from the selected respondents. The descriptive statistics of frequency counts and the simple percentage were used to analyze the demographic data and the research questions. Findings revealed, amongst other things, that food packaging materials significantly affect the environment if not rightly disposed of. To this end, the study recommended that Government should ensure the provision of disposable vehicles which would help collect waste and, importantly, there should be a campaign towards the appropriate disposal of food packaging materials by the people; this campaign should, amongst other things, address the need for an environment that is free for harmful substance for human habitation.
Biological Substance, Chemical Substance; Contamination; Food packaging; Physical environment
Itiola Atinuke Felicia & Olatunde, Deborah Olufunmilola, PhD
Administrative Bureaucracy as a Bottle Neck to Service Delivery in Higher Institution s in Nigeria
Quality service is the key objective of any institution that wants to remain in business. The paper examined administrative bureaucracy as a bottleneck to service delivery in higher institutions in Nigeria. Therefore, bureaucracy is a formal organization established deliberately to realize specific social goals. Administrative bureaucracy is a system of administration characterized by expertness, impartiality and absence of humanity”. It systematically organizes tasks and individuals into a pattern that can most effectively achieve the ends of collective efforts. However, the tertiary education system must strengthen its administrative bureaucracy by developing its employee’s bureaucratic skills through adequate training and retraining. Principles and norms of bureaucracy should be strictly followed. By so doing, the tertiary education system can be better positioned to make enormous contributions to the development of any country. Therefore, to avoid unnecessary red-tapism, which is inherent in bureaucratic practices, employees in the tertiary education system should be trained and retrained in using modern scientific tools to increase effectiveness and efficiency in the performance of their assigned responsibilities. It is by so doing that they can contribute to national development.
Administrative, Bureaucracy, Service delivery, Bottle neck
Imperative of Small and Mediumscale Enterprises in Economic and Manpower Development in the 21st Century
This paper investigates the imperatives of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Economic and Manpower Development in the 21st century. A survey method was used to gather data from 200 SME/Entrepreneurial officers and Managers from five randomly selected local governments in Ogun state, namely, Ijebu North, Yewa South, Sango Ota, Sagamu, and Odeda Local Government. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire and analysed with descriptive statistics to identify the perception of the roles of SMEs in Nigeria. The result of the study, therefore, reveals that the most common constraints hindering small and medium-scale business growth in Nigeria are lack of financial support, poor management, corruption, lack of training and experience, poor infrastructure, insufficient profits, and low demand for products and services. Hence, it is therefore recommended that Government should, as a matter of urgency, assist prospective entrepreneurs in having access to finance and necessary information relating to business opportunities, modern technology, raw materials, market, plant and machinery, which would enable them to reduce their operating costs and be more efficient to meet the market competitions.
SMEs, Enterprise, Economic Development, Entrepreneurship
Attitudes and Practice of Divinations among Yoruba Muslims in South West, Nigeria
The practice of divination is universal among different religions and cultures. Many Yoruba Muslims of South West Nigeria will hardly take decisions on important issues without seeking spiritual guidance from diviners. In this respect, this study investigated the attitude and the practice of divination among Yoruba Muslims of South West Nigeria. This study adopted the descriptive method of a survey type where a self-designed questionnaire was used to collect data. Yoruba Muslims in South-West Nigeria constituted the population of the study. Using a multi-staged sampling procedure, a sample of 2,700 Yoruba Muslims was drawn from three States, Ogun, Osun and Ekiti, at nine hundred (900) respondents per State. Data were analysed using frequency counts, percentages, pie charts and weighted mean (W.M.) for demographic data and research questions. In contrast, the t-test was used to analyse the hypotheses at a 0.05 significance level. Findings revealed a positive attitude towards divination (W.M. = 2.14) and a high level of divination practice (W.M. = 3.32) Yoruba Muslims in South-West Nigeria. Findings also indicated a significant gender difference in the attitudes towards divination (t-cal = 2.83, df = 2,619, p<0.05) and practice of divination (t-cal = 5.77, df = 2,619, p<0.05) among Yoruba Muslims. This study, therefore, concluded that Yoruba Muslims in South-West Nigeria exhibit a positive attitude towards and, to some extent, have a high level of engagement in practice outside the confines of Islamic principles for divination. It was recommended, among others, that Imams and Missionaries should counsel and give Muslims practical solutions such as special prayers from verses of the Glorious Qur’ăn such as aayatal Kurisiyy (Qur‟ăn, 2:255), Ma’udhatayn (Qur’ăn, 113 and 114) whenever they are faced with life challenges.
Applying Technology to Religious and Special Needs Education towards Rehabilitating Learners in Selected Schools in Ijebuland
The study investigated the application of technology to Religious Education with particular reference to Special Needs Education towards rehabilitating learners in selected schools in Ijebuland. The descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The study population comprised students in selected secondary schools in Ijebuland of Ogun State. Simple sampling and stratified random sampling techniques were used to select a sample size of 50 respondents from two public secondary schools. The reliability of the instrument was determined through the test re test method. The respondents' responses were presented in a simple statistical table and analyzed using percentages. The result showed inadequate ICT facilities, poor computer literacy of Religious education teachers, and poor computer literacy of Religious education students, unstable power supply, and internet. The physically challenged students must be adequately cared for in most schools. Their responses to questionnaires distributed to them showed that they suffered much deprivation. Their interests should have been considered, even in most school buildings' architectural designs. The study, therefore, recommended that The Nigerian government should pass disability discrimination legislation and should develop an effective and efficient administrative infrastructure for its effective implementation. Religion should ensure that inclusive and valued education is given to people with disabilities to encourage them to have a valued life.
Religious Education, Disabled Persons, Spe cial Need, Technology.
ABIMBOLA , Francis Ph.D; ADESOPE; Fatimah Ph.D & JIMOH , Ismael Ph.D
Quality Instructional Delivery in Language Education as Correlate for Academic Performance of Secondary Schools in Ogun State , Nigeria
This study assessed the quality of instructional delivery in language education as a correlate to the academic performance of secondary schools in Ogun State. The study employed the descriptive survey design. Respondents consist of 60 principals, 540 teachers, and 1800 students randomly selected using the multi-stage sampling technique from a pool of 599 public secondary schools (now re-articulated into 301) in Ogun State, Nigeria. Research instruments tagged “Teachers’ Quality Instructional Delivery” (TQID), “Students’ Rating Scale”, Interview Guide for Principals and Teachers’ Focus Group Discussion Guide (FGD) were used for data collection. The hypothesis was tested for significance at p<0.05 probability level of significance, using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Statistics. T-test was used for the data analysis. Findings revealed that the significant instructional tasks performed by the teachers are the preparation of lesson notes, writing of scheme of work, and periodic assessment of students’ learning. While the tasks that teachers least perform are research into teaching and learning activities, improvisation and usage of instructional materials, marking of exercises/assignments, and regular feedback to students. This implies that many schools still strive to achieve quality assurance in students’ academic performance. The study recommends an improvement in the tasks of instructional resource inputs, curriculum delivery, and students’ learning requires practical and goal-oriented interrelationships between the school and other stakeholders in education.
Promoting Leadership, Value Reorientation and Sustainable Development through Functional Secondary School Education
The study investigated promoting leadership, value re orientation and sustainable development through functional Secondary School Education. Three research questions guided the study. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised 380 teachers in all 18 public secondary schools in Odeda Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 100 respondents, 10 each from the 10 secondary schools selected for the study. The researchers structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Mean scores were used for data analysis. Results revealed that functional secondary school education helps to equip students with the necessary qualities, knowledge and skills for effective leadership, value re orientation and promotion of sustainable national development. Based on the findings, it was recommended, among others, that government should make secondary school education more functional to live up to its mandate of developing future leaders who will contribute to societal values re orientation and sustainable development.
: Functional education; Secondary school education; Leadership; Values re orientation; Sustainable development
Choristers’ Socio Demographic Characteristics and Strategies Adopted for Effective Transfer of Musical Knowledge among Mainline and Pentecostal Christian Churches in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
The study investigated choristers' socio demographic characteristics and strategies to effectively transfer musical knowledge among Mainline and Pentecostal Christian church Choirs in Abeokuta, O gun State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain relevant data for the study. The multi stage sampling procedure was employed for the study, while a simple random sampling technique was adopted to select 367 choristers across Mainline and Pentecostal churches. This was further subjected to face validity and reliability tests using the split half method. A Cronbach Alpha value of 0.8>α≤0.7 attested to the instrument's reliability. Frequency distribution, standard deviation, bar chart, mean ( ), chi square, analysis of variance, and independent samples t test were the analytical tools used for the study. Choristers strongly agreed that music instructors and leaders should be musically skilful as a fundamental strategy for effectively transferring musical knowledge. A significant relationship exists between strategies for the transfer of musical knowledge and age c2= 11.058), marital status ( c2= 8.902), educational status ( c2= 9.959), voice part used c2= 19.077) and years spent as a chorister ( c2= 5.506). A significant difference exists in the mean ratings of strategies for the effective transfer of musical knowledge (t= 2.122) across churches selected for the study. There is a significant relationship between the need for musical knowledge transfer and strategies such as training instructors and improving their knowledge and skilfulness (t= 3.057; p≤0.05), simplicity of teaching and learning methods and interchange of methods, among others, were seen as a primary requirement for effective transfer o f music knowledge. It is recommended that instructors, directors and choristers be musically trained, knowledgeable, and skilful for the overall development of the church music industry.
Mainline and Pentecostal Christian Churches
SORETIRE, Eyitayo Aderonke; Okedairo , Olufemi Olalekan and Ologundudu , Rotimi Peters
Organization Resources and Leadership Styles as Factors Affecting Policy Implementation and Reforms in Higher Educational Institutions
In the bid to develop tertiary education, successive governments have been initiating policies, laws, reforms and innovations. However, there have been complaints about actual policy implementation in the institutions. Scholars fear that the gap in policy implementation may negatively impact graduate employability skills and achieving sustainable goals. This paper examines the level of organizational resources in terms of human, material and financial resources and leadership styles such as democratic, transactional and autocratic leadership styles as factors that can affect policy implementation in public and private tertiary educational institutions. It was recommended that administrators should be trained on modern ways of implementing government policies. Also, security and corruption need serious government intervention for effective policy implementation on campuses.
Assessment of Policies or Prayers as Development Options in Nigeria
Development options worldwide respond to pragmatic and concise policy statements that set the pattern and pace for actualizing development status for aspiring countries. However, contrarily, policy programmes that should be the bedrock of development have been replaced by prayers and religious activities carried out in contravention of what religion and religious writing specifies. Given the forgoing position, this paper examines issues boarding on the interplay between religion and development on the one hand and policies programmes which are the bedrock for development endeavours undertaken by the government and development outcomes which are consequent upon the careful implementation of policy programs on the other. The research discovered that rather than formulate and adhere strictly to policies that will propel development across the Nigerian State, the human tendencies for quick results have made both leaders and the citizens seek prayers as alternatives to policies for achieving societal development and, by implication, the overall development of the country. The paper adopts Rostow's theory of economic development and rationale actor model of policymaking as its framework of analysis. It employs secondary data sources, including journals, articles and internet material. It recommends that the prospect of development in Nigeria is consequent upon good economic and policy programmes, which are fundamental ingredients for the development of the individual and, by implication, the country's various states.
OTUMALA; Simon SHALUJO; Abiodun M. & Emmanuel; Amanor Lartey, PhD
The Ethical Implications of Digital Communication
The increasing use of digital communication technologies has raised significant ethical concerns related to privacy, security, cyberbullying, online harassment, and the spread of misinformation. This paper examines the ethical implications of digital communication and proposes solutions to mitigate these concerns. It also explores the impact of digital communication on public opinion and democracy. By addressing these ethical concerns and promoting responsible use of digital communication technologies, we can ensure the protection of individual rights and the integrity of democratic institutions. The methodology used in achieving the aim of this paper is the analytic and phenomenological approaches, that is, analysis of main concepts and phenomenological examination of textual materials are adopted in the write up.
Davis, Samson Oladiran Ph.D; Edokpayi, Theophilus Amenegahon
Child Trafficking, Illegal Migration and its Concomitant Effects on Nigeria’s Socio Economic Development
This study investigated the effects of human trafficking and illegal migration on Nigeria’s socio economic development. A convenience sampling technique was used in selecting 150 respondents from the total staff population of the Nigeria Immigration Service, the National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons and other related offences Commission and the International Organisation for Migration. Data was collected using a questionnaire tested with Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC), and a reliability coefficient of 0.82 was obtained, indicating the reliability of the instrument deployed. Data obtained were analyzed using simple percentages and linear regression analysis. Findings revealed that human trafficking and illegal migration negatively affected Nigeria’s socio economic development. It recommended, amongst others, that the market for cheap labour, which served as an enabler of human trafficking, needed to be paralyzed; otherwise, efforts in this regard may not record any meaningful progress.
Cross Culturalism of Yoruba Cultures and Yoruba Culture in South West, Nigeria
Nigeria consists of many ethnic groups and tribes but the major tribes are Yoruba, Hausa and Igbo. The trio have their culture and cultural values. Particular reference is made to Yoruba tribe which has its socio religious, political and economic milieus. The penetration of Islam and Christianity into what is known as Yoruba land today met the existence of African Traditional Religion with its cultural settings and peculiarities. Although the two religions could be foreign to them in terms of their culture and practices especially Islam, however, the inclination or idea of embracing a uniquely cultural point of view which is tantamount to cross culturalism is a common phenomenon among the religions. The study is based on analytical and historical approaches. It discovers that there was and still some cultural interpolations on the activities and practices of some Muslims in South West Nigeria. The importance of this paper lies in the fact that there are large percentage of Yoruba Muslims whose cultural backgrounds are still reflecting in their professed Islamic faith. The work therefore draws attention to these areas of cultural influences with a view to establish the fact that not all Muslims in South West Nigeria have completely keyed into the Islamic culture and that culture is not static but dynamic.
SALAHUDEEN Taofiq, O., PhD; ADESOPE, Fatimah, PhD & MUSA OLOMU, Musbaudeen, PhD