PHILOSOPHICAL SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT

Abstract

This paper explores eight major schools of philosophy: Idealism, Realism, Rationalism, Empiricism, Existentialism, Pragmatism, Humanism, and Utilitarianism. Each school represents a distinct set of beliefs about reality, knowledge, and human existence, often practiced or advocated by specific groups. Philosophers may align with multiple schools, as seen with Sartre's ties to phenomenology, Marxism, and existentialism. The study outlines the meaning, nature, and core principles of each school, along with key philosophers who shaped them. By comparing these schools, the paper aims to deepen understanding of their influence on thought, society, and personal values.