Patterns and Determinants of Cognition-Enhancing Substances Abuse among University Undergraduates of a College of Medical Sciences in North-Eastern Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Cognitive enhancers are substances that stimulate central nervous system function, potentially improving cognitive performance. Their use among students, particularly in medical education, is a growing concern. This study aimed to evaluate the use of cognitive enhancers among students at the College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional, multistage descriptive study was conducted using electronic questionnaires administered to 422 undergraduate students. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27, with results presented in charts and tables. Results: The prevalence of cognitive enhancer use was 75.4% (318/422). Caffeine-containing substances were the most frequently consumed (33.0%), with "Fearless" being the most common individual subtype (26.4%). Energy enhancement was the primary motivation for cognitive enhancer use (21.4%). Age and academic level showed statistically significant associations with cognitive enhancer use (p<0.01), while gender, marital status, and department did not (p>0.05). Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of cognitive enhancer use among medical students in Maiduguri, primarily driven by the desire for energy enhancement. The findings highlight the need for awareness programs and potential interventions to address the risks associated with cognitive enhancer use in academic settings