Contemporary management of epistaxis: a useful guide for primary care physicians

Abstract

Introduction: Epistaxis (nasal bleeding) is a common condition. It may be very severe and life-threatening but in most cases is trivial and easily controlled by first aid management, and in severe cases, primary care physicians are consulted before seeing a specialist (Otorhinolaryngologist). The initial management instituted determines the overall outcome. This aims to review the literature and current knowledge for evidences supporting up to date management of epistaxis at primary level of care. Methodology: Review of current literature and published peer reviewed works in Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Database of systematic reviews for articles in English language. Results: It was found that tremendous advancement have been recorded in the care of patients presenting with Epistaxis. While little has changed in the first aid measures with more patient-friendly conservative measures, advanced technology in imaging and optics have rendered endoscopic treatment safer, cost effective and almost routine over the traditional open approaches. Conclusion: Recent advances in the management of epistaxis have made it possible to restore normalcy from various degrees of epistaxis.