STRENGTHENING ACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISIMS IN THE OVERSIGHT OF THE RIGHT TO HEALTH IN NIGERIA

Abstract

The right to health is a basic human right recognized internationally and embedded in Nigeria’s legal system through the Constitution, health laws, and policies. Yet, many Nigerians still struggle to access quality healthcare, especially in rural and underserved communities. Weak accountability in the health sector is a major reason for this, with challenges including poor policy implementation, political interference, limited citizen involvement, and inadequate institutional capacity. This article looks at how strengthening accountability can help improve oversight of the right to health in Nigeria. It examines the legal and conceptual foundations of health rights, including the AAAQ framework and minimum core obligations, and the government’s duty to respect, protect, and fulfill these rights. The study also reviews key national laws and policies, such as the National Health Act 2014, the National Health Insurance Authority Act, and the National Health Policy, highlighting the roles of federal, state, and local institutions. It identifies obstacles that hinder effective accountability, including the non-justiciability of socio-economic rights, weak enforcement, limited transparency, and low public participation. Finally, the article recommends ways to strengthen accountability in health governance, such as building institutional capacity, improving transparency, encouraging citizen engagement, and ensuring proper enforcement of health laws. By focusing on accountability, Nigeria can make real progress toward equitable, accessible, and quality healthcare for all citizens.