The Role of Family in The Transmission of Indigenous Languages in Delta State, Nigeria

Abstract

Delta State is one of Nigeria's most linguistically diverse federating units, hosting over thirty distinct indigenous languages including Isoko, Urhobo, Ijaw, , Itsekiri, Ukwuani, and Ndokwa. Despite this richness, many of these languages face significant endangerment as transmission across generations weakens. This article examines the family as the primary  and irreplaceable  site of indigenous language transmission in Delta State. Drawing on sociolinguistic theory, ethnographic evidence, and community-based fieldwork, we argue that the vitality of intergenerational transmission is determined by three interlocking variables: household structure, parental language ideology, and the prestige assigned to indigenous languages relative to English and Nigerian Pidgin. We further identify the parent generation  those aged twenty-five to forty five  as the critical hinge point at which transmission either continues or breaks. The article concludes with evidence-informed recommendations for families, communities, and policymakers committed to language maintenance in Delta State.