INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF AFRICAN & ASIAN STUDIES (IJAAS)
type: channel
description: The Interdisciplinary Journal of African & Asian Studies (ISSN:2504-8694; E-ISSN:2635-3709) is a peer-reviewed scholarly journal that provides a platform for critical and comparative research on the histories, cultures, languages, economies, and socio-political systems of Africa and Asia. Emphasizing interdisciplinary approaches, IJAAS encourages contributions from fields such as anthropology, history, political science, international relations, literature, linguistics, development studies, and cultural studies. The journal seeks to foster cross-regional understanding and dialogue by highlighting both the unique and shared experiences of African and Asian societies in a rapidly globalizing world. By bridging geographical and disciplinary boundaries, IJAAS promotes innovative scholarship that deepens insights into the complex dynamics shaping the two continents, while advancing academic collaboration across diverse intellectual traditions. IJAAS is domiciled in the department of Chinese Studies, Faculty of Arts, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka
language: en
publication name: INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF AFRICAN & ASIAN STUDIES (IJAAS)
items: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF SWEARING AND CODE CHOICE IN ANAMBRA STATE MOTOR PARKS
items: ABA WOMEN’S RIOT OF 1929: A REVOLUTION THAT RESHAPED COLONIAL GOVERNANCE IN NIGERIA
items: CODE-SWITCHING IN SELECTED SONGS BY WIZKID: A STUDY OF LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL EXPRESSION IN NIGERIAN HIP HOP
items: Akụkọ Ifo Dịka Ugegbe E Ji Ahụta Ndụ Ndị Igbo
items: LABOUR MARKET PARTICIPATION AND EMPLOYMENT CONDITIONS IN THE SOUTH-EAST OF NIGERIA
items: MIGRANTS’ EXPERIENCES AND HYBRIDIZED IDENTITIES: A LITERARY DISCOURSE ON SELECTED NIGERIAN-AMERICANS RETURNEES
items: AN ANALYSIS OF MISERLINESS IN IGBO, FRENCH AND GERMAN NOVELS
items: SEMIOTICS AND THE LANGUAGE OF COSTUMES IN NIGERIAN VIDEO FILMS: A STUDY OF CRY OF A WIDOW AND ADAEZE
items: CONFLICT MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY IN ANAMBRA MOTOR MANUFACTURING COMPANY (ANAMMCO), EMENE ENUGU
items: SOCIO-CULTURAL VALUES OF NAMES AMONG THE PEOPLE OF IGBO
items: THEATRE AND ALBINISM IN SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA: CENTRALIZING THE MARGINS IN A CHANGING SOCIAL SYSTEM
items: THE THEOLOGY OF SUFFERING AND THE KINGDOM OF GOD AMONG CHRISTIANS IN ANAMBRA STATE: A RE-EXAMINATION OF JOB 1:6-22
items: DEPLOYMENT OF MODERN DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AND ICTS IN PUBLIC SECTOR HRM: BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES
items: "Effects of Government Policies on Recessions: Fiscal and Monetary Policy Impact on Unemployment, Poverty, and Inequality."
items: CONTEXTS OF RETURN MIGRATION AND DISILLUSIONMENT IN TAHER BEN JELLOUN’S A PALACE IN THE OLD VILLAGE
items: COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN BUSINESS AND ETHICS: REFLECTIONS ON IMPACT OF CODE OF CONDUCT ON WALMART
items: CONTENDING ISSUES AND CHALLENGES HAMPERING EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF PUBLIC POLICIES IN NIGERIA: A PRACTICAL PERSPECTIVE
items: DYNAMICS AND IMPLICATIONS OF NIGERIA-CHINA BILATERAL RELATIONS ON INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA (2015 -2024)
items: INVESTIGATING THE TRIPATRITE MODEL OF ATTITUDES TOWARDS FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING AMONG UNDERGRADUATE LINGUISTICS STUDENTS IN UNIZIK.
items: INTER-CULTURAL CHALLENGES FACING TRANSLATION IN IGBO AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES
items: CAN MIND UPLOADING AND DIGITAL IMMORTALITY PRESERVE PERSONAL IDENTITY?
items: TRANSHUMANISM: HISTORICO-CULTURAL SHADOWS AND SCIENCE FICTION
items: IMPLEMENTATION OF CHRISTIAN AND IGBO TRADITIONAL VALUES IN ERADICATING INSECURITY IN ANAMBRA STATE
items: The Pragmatic Use of Doings among Nigerian Youths
items: TRANS-BORDER SECURITY CHALLENGES AND NIGERIA’S RELATIONS WITH HER IMMEDIATE NEIGHBOURS, 1999–2023
items: SHELL BP, COLONIAL RULE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF OWERRI CITY, 1902-1961
items: The Issue of Xenophobia in Africa: A Study of Thabile Shange's In The Midst of it All and Alex Ageyi-Agyuri's Unexpected Joy At Dawn
items: Religious Education in Schools: Balancing Faith and Pluralism
items: International Relations and Nation building: The Nigerian Experience Since 1999
items: THE NIGERIAN ENVIRONMENT, “UNGOVERNED SPACES,” AND NATIONAL SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS: 1999 – 2022

A SOCIOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF SWEARING AND CODE CHOICE IN ANAMBRA STATE MOTOR PARKS
type: item
description: Swearing in multilingual urban transit hubs constitutes a layered sociolinguistic phenomenon that bridges affect, identity, language choice, and social stratification. This study explores the use of bad language in major motor parks in Anambra State, Nigeria, focusing on the interplay of Igbo, Nigerian Pidgin, and English. Data were collected from Eke Awka, Aroma, and Ukwu-Oji motor parks. Drawing on the framework of variationist sociolinguistics (Labov, 1972), the article identifies forms of bad language and analyzes how gender, age, and socioeconomic status influence their usage. The data were obtained through observation and elicitation methods. The findings reveal that motor parks function as heteroglossic arenas where code-switching, audience design, and social indexing govern profanity. Men, younger individuals, and lower-income participants tend to use more frequent and overt swearing, while older and higher-status individuals moderate or euphemize their expressions. The study underscores the need to view profanity not merely as deviance but as a communicative resource and offers implications for urban language planning and public civility campaigns.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: sociolinguistic, swear words, Code Choice, Anambra State, motor parks
  topic: keywords
creator: Ogechukwu Chinyere Mbakwe & Martha Chidimma Egenti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-04
publication date: 2026-03-04

ABA WOMEN’S RIOT OF 1929: A REVOLUTION THAT RESHAPED COLONIAL GOVERNANCE IN NIGERIA
type: item
description: This study investigates the Aba women's riot of 1929, a revolutionary that reshaped colonial governance in Nigeria. The Women’s riot is acknowledged as one of the most pivotal anti-colonial uprisings within Nigeria's historical context, marking a vital turning point in the evolution of indigenous resistance and the enhancement of women's political power. The paper delves into the historical circumstances that precipitated the uprising and examines the reasons for classifying the Aba Women's Riot as a revolution, as well as its effects on the reconfiguration of colonial governance in Nigeria. Employing a historical methodology, this research conducts a qualitative analysis of both primary and secondary sources. The findings indicate that the riot transcended mere protest, functioning instead as a coordinated socio-political upheaval that forced the colonial administration to reconsider its governance frameworks, taxation systems, and gender dynamics. The paper concludes by asserting that the Aba Women’s Riot served as a significant catalyst that exposed the deficiencies of colonial policies and acted as a precursor to subsequent nationalist movements in Nigeria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Women Riots, Revolution, Governance
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Chidiebere Onuoha & Chichem Ifeoma Duru
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-03
publication date: 2026-03-03

CODE-SWITCHING IN SELECTED SONGS BY WIZKID: A STUDY OF LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL EXPRESSION IN NIGERIAN HIP HOP
type: item
description: Nigerian musicians often employ code-switching, blending English with other major Nigerian languages such as Igbo, Yoruba, Hausa, and Nigerian Pidgin, with particular emphasis on Yoruba and Pidgin. This study aims to critically analyze selected albums by Wizkid within the Nigerian music industry. The data for this research focus on one artist, Wizkid. The objectives of the study are to examine the nature of code-switching, investigate its underlying causes, analyze its artistic impact, and explore the consequences of this practice for musical expression. It is observed that Nigerian artists utilize code-switching in their music to connect with their intended audiences.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Code-switching, Nigerian hip hop, songs
  topic: keywords
creator: DARAMOLA, Segun Felix (PhD)
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-01
publication date: 2026-03-01

Akụkọ Ifo Dịka Ugegbe E Ji Ahụta Ndụ Ndị Igbo
type: item
description: Ndị Igbo bi na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ Naịjiria nwere agụmagụ ha nke a na-agụpụta n’ọnụ tupu ọbịbia ndị ọcha. Otu n’ime agụmagụ ọnụ ndị ahụ bụ akụkọ ifo. Ifo bụ akụkọ a rọrọ arọ nke ndị Igbo ji anọrị oge ma na-akpakwa onwe ha obiọma. Nchọpụta na-egosị na ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na-eche na o nweghizị uru akụkọ ifo bara; karịsịa n’oge ugbu a. Ebumnobi ọrụ nchọcha a bụ inyocha ifo iji mata usoro omenala na usoro ebimndụ ndị Igbo ndị gbara elu n’ifo Igbo na igosịpụta etu ifo si arụ ọrụ dịka enyo e ji ahụta ndụ ndị Igbo. Omenchọcha a nwetere njiede o jiri mee nchọcha a site n’ịgbado ụkwụ n’akụkọ ifo ndị o gerela oge ọ na-etolite, akụkọ ifo ndị o nwetere site n’akwụkwọ nchịkọta akụkọ ifo nakwa ihe ndị ọ maara dịka onye Igbo toro n’ala Igbo. Nchọpụta gosịrị na e wepụ iji akụkọ ifo nọrịa oge ma kpakwaa ndị mmadụ obiọma, na akụkọ ifo bụ otu ụzọ gbara ọkpụrụkpụ ndị Igbo si ezipụta omenala, nkwenye na usoro obibi ndụ ha. Atụtụ e ji wee mee ọrụ nyochaa bụ atụtụ keenyouche nke gbadoro ụkwụ na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya dịka o si metụta agụmagụ. Ọrụ nchọcha a nyere ntuziaka ka onye ọbụla gbasie mbọ ike ịhụ na agụmagụ ọdịnala akụkọifo anwụghị; kama ka achọpụta ụzọ ndị ga-enyeaka iji hụ na o selitere isi nke ọma n’oge ugbu a.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Akụkọ ifo, ndị Igbo, mbamuru, omenala, ugegbe
  topic: keywords
creator: Anyachebelu, Adaọra Lois
rights: Copyright (c) 2023
date: 2023-10-17
publication date: 2023-10-17

LABOUR MARKET PARTICIPATION AND EMPLOYMENT CONDITIONS IN THE SOUTH-EAST OF NIGERIA
type: item
description: This study examined labour market participation and conditions of employment in South-East Nigeria, focusing on economically active persons, employees, employers, and labour officials across major economic hubs including Onitsha, Aba, Nnewi, and Enugu. The objectives were to assess the level and patterns of labour market participation, evaluate prevailing conditions of employment, and determine the relationship between labour market participation and employment conditions in the region. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, and data were collected from a sample of 220 respondents using a closed-ended structured questionnaire measured on a four-point Likert scale (Strongly Agree, Agree, Disagree, and Strongly Disagree). Mean scores and standard deviations were used to analyse responses, while hypotheses were tested using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA). The findings indicated a relatively high level of labour market participation, with respondents reporting active engagement in economic activities (mean = 2.90, SD = 0.96) and a predominance of informal employment (mean = 2.98, SD = 0.97). However, conditions of employment were largely unfavourable, as reflected in low job security (mean = 2.32, SD = 1.07), inadequate income (mean = 2.41, SD = 1.05), and weak enforcement of labour laws (mean = 2.31, SD = 1.08). The MANCOVA results revealed statistically significant differences in employment conditions across levels of labour market participation (Wilks’ Lambda = 0.664, F = 8.941, p < 0.05). The study therefore concluded that although labour market participation in South-East Nigeria is high, it is largely necessity-driven and constrained by poor employment quality. The study recommends strengthening regulatory enforcement, improving wages and employment benefits, promoting skills development, and implementing policies that ensure not only access to employment but also improved working conditions in the region.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Employment Conditions, Human Capital Development, Informal work, Labour Market Participation, Secure Employment
  topic: keywords
creator: Ukanwa Anayo Cyprian
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-02-12
publication date: 2026-02-12

MIGRANTS’ EXPERIENCES AND HYBRIDIZED IDENTITIES: A LITERARY DISCOURSE ON SELECTED NIGERIAN-AMERICANS RETURNEES
type: item
description: This research examines the intersections of border crossing, hybridity, and identity formation in Nigerian literature, with a specific focus on the narratives on Nigerian-Americans returnees. In engaging theories of border studies by Gloria Anzaldúa and Homi Bhabha’s hybridity theory, this research interrogates the ways in which Nigerian literary works negotiate the complexities of cultural identity, belonging, and citizenship in the context of transnational migration. Through a critical-texual analysis of selected literary texts, this study reveals the ways in which returnees' narratives embody the liminal spaces of border crossings, facilitating the emergence of hybridized identities that transcend binary cartographies of nation, culture, and identity. This research contributes to the burgeoning field of border studies, offering nuanced insights into the politics of belonging, cultural citizenship, and the complexities of transnational identity formation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hybridity, Border, Returnees, Migrants, Citizenship
  topic: keywords
creator: Abigail Onowosemenmen Oaikhena, PhD; Sr. Dr. Adaoma Igwedibia; Fr. Dr. Greg Ekeh
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-09-12
publication date: 2024-09-12

AN ANALYSIS OF MISERLINESS IN IGBO, FRENCH AND GERMAN NOVELS
type: item
description: Miserliness is an act of collecting money and not spending for fear of what the future holds. It is a bad trait that prevents an individual from giving either money, emotional support or even encouragement no matter the situation. Psychoanalysis explains miserliness as a trait that arises within the human to reduce his anxiety. This paper highlights the features of a miser as depicted in Igbo, French and German novels in the character of Akubuzo, Harpagon and Herr Unrat respectively. The insight is that miserliness manifests in various forms. This work adopts the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud for the analysis of these characters. The conclusion is that a human vice or weakness is not subject to the limitations of individual localities. Instead, the three characters in their difference geographic and cultural peculiarities still depict a common human factor.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Miser, miserliness, psychoanalysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Okafor, Chioma Evangeline; Dr. Ugonna Ezinne Ubah
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-04-29
publication date: 2024-04-29

SEMIOTICS AND THE LANGUAGE OF COSTUMES IN NIGERIAN VIDEO FILMS: A STUDY OF CRY OF A WIDOW AND ADAEZE
type: item
description: This paper discuses signs and symbols of costume for visual communication and the contribution that the concept of semiotics analysis makes with regard to enhancing a costume designer’s experience and engagement with the elements of costume. The concept of semiotics is indicated as contributive factor to effective visual communications; meaning is seen as dynamic, predominantly described in terms of subjective reality. To address this, the researcher employed Semiotic theory: the foundation of contemporary film theory and qualitative methodology in order to analyze selected Nigerian video films. This form of analysis allows costume a distinct voice in words dominated film. It reinforces costume as communication through style, lines, colour, fabric and texture. This work has been able to create a communicative distinction of costumes in films using the socio-cultural and conventional interpretations of colours, lines, fabrics, styles and textures of clothes and accessories. It has attempted to understand how lines, colours, fabrics and textures convey meaning in film. This paper discovers that costume helps us to form individual opinions about characters and at the same time reconstruct their socio-cultural realities. Based on this discovery, semiotic interpretation can be recommended as a useful adjunct to traditional idealistic research, particularly when the film costume being studied is so complex that objectivity is hard to maintain. Having analyzed the costumes of selected Nigerian video films in relation to semiotics theory, the contexts of the films selected and the researcher’s experiences and observance of convention and Igbo culture; significations of costumes are presented as subjective truth, making way for further interpretations and several different meanings. The paper argues that the meaning of costumes in video films centers on the viewer’s experiences and culture. Thus this research emphasizes the participation of the audience in visual communicati…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: signs and symbols
  topic: keywords
subject: costume
  topic: keywords
subject: visual communication
  topic: keywords
subject: language
  topic: keywords
creator: Okadigwe, Mary Nkechi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-05-29
publication date: 2024-05-29

CONFLICT MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY IN ANAMBRA MOTOR MANUFACTURING COMPANY (ANAMMCO), EMENE ENUGU
type: item
description: Conflict is an ever-present process in human relations. Every organization encounters conflicts on a daily basis. It cannot be avoided, but it is possible to manage them in time. Conflict within organizations can affect productivity and profitability. This study examined the relationship between conflict management and organizational productivity in Anambra Motor Manufacturing Company Ltd (ANAMMCO), Emene Enugu State. A cross sectional survey research was conducted to generate data to answer the research questions as well as test the hypothesis. Both qualitative and quantitative research approaches were combined in the study. A sample of four hundred and thirty (430) questionnaires was administered by trained research assistants and the data from the questionnaires were analyzed with the help of Statistical package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Qualitative data were generated by in-depth interview (IDI) with heads of departments and trade union representatives. The analysis of the study data showed that poor workers welfare was the main source of conflict and collective bargaining was the conflict resolving strategy, and the organization adopts compromise as a conflict management style. Chi square was used to test the hypotheses, and results from of hypotheses were statistically significant at P≥0.05 level. This study recommended among other things that Nigeria Labour Law should be reviewed to promote harmonious relations in Nigerian industries. Also, the law must be enforced in the industry to ensure compliance, especially with respect to collective bargaining, workers’ participation, and trade union recognition.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Labour, Conflict, Conflict Management, Employee, Organization, Productivity
  topic: keywords
creator: Ogboke, Eberechukwu Odichinma; Maduagwuna, Raymond Emeka; Okeke, Ngozi Chinenye; Egboh, Amara Frances
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-06-28
publication date: 2024-06-28

SOCIO-CULTURAL VALUES OF NAMES AMONG THE PEOPLE OF IGBO
type: item
description: This paper examines values of naming in Igbo land to ascertain a range of implications it entails. The study assumes a position that the Igbo generally do not give names to their children anyhow, that the names they give their children have social, linguistic, historical, religious and philosophic colouring. It argues that names of Igbo children are a projection of not only the whims of the parents but also a window through which we mirror their lives and concatenations. At times, such names constitute an aphorism unto themselves as well as an exemplum of their world view, what we may in Igbo refer to as Uwa Ndi Igbo. Naming reveals the people’s sociological and ideological culture, vis-à-vis, their folkways, fears and aspirations, joys and hates, ideals and values as well as their cultural and spiritual values in which they hold so dear. The paper observes that every generation sets its own value. That is why the philosophic meanings of naming of the previous generation of our forebears sharply contrast with those of the succeeding generations. The biblical Jewish names vis-à-vis the Igbo will furnish the case study of the inquiry that is so fascinating, so intriguing, but, also, at the same time, so interesting.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: naming
  topic: keywords
subject: Igbo land
  topic: keywords
subject: biblical Jewish names
  topic: keywords
creator: Prof. Jude E. Madu & Nzukoh, Aloysius Okechukwu
rights: Copyright (c) 2023
date: 2023-09-28
publication date: 2023-09-28

THEATRE AND ALBINISM IN SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA: CENTRALIZING THE MARGINS IN A CHANGING SOCIAL SYSTEM
type: item
description: The traditional stereotypical image of People Living With Disabilities (PLWD) particularly in southeastern Nigeria is that of pity due to their handicap. The condition is therefore associated with begging and often attracts patronizing attitudes from the elites in society. In 2019, Nigeria passed the Disability Law. Earlier in 2018, Anambra State, located in the southeast, passed her own Disability Law. But all these laws have remained mere documents on the shelves as implementation is still far-fetched. The laws also did not actually address the problems of People With Albinism (PWA). The objective of this research is to investigate the connection and impact of theatre on albinism matters in Nigeria. The research took its sample from southeastern Nigeria which has a sizeable population of PWA. It used the qualitative methodology involving the Participant Observation and Content Analysis approaches. The research instruments used to collect primary data include a Theatre for Development (TfD) sample workshop and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The study also applied Michael Oliver’s “Social Model of Disability” and Graham Room’s “Social Exclusion Theory” to analyze, discuss and interpret the research results. The study observed that the concerns of the PWA are quite different from what most people assume. The study also found that the PWA in Nigeria consider the theatre and creative arts as part of their challenges due to lack of diversity in the industry as well as the stereotypical representation of PWA in popular arts and cultural productions in the country. Based on these findings, the study concludes that a proactive approach is required in dealing with the challenges. It suggests that theatre practice in Nigeria should embrace diversity, be more inclusive, and engage more with the PWA in order to mitigate their marginalization in society.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: traditional stereotypical image
  topic: keywords
subject: People Living With Disabilities
  topic: keywords
subject: Disability Law
  topic: keywords
creator: Nwadigwe Francisca A. (PhD); Nwadigwe, Charles E. (PhD)
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-04-28
publication date: 2024-04-28

THE THEOLOGY OF SUFFERING AND THE KINGDOM OF GOD AMONG CHRISTIANS IN ANAMBRA STATE: A RE-EXAMINATION OF JOB 1:6-22
type: item
description: This study explores the theology of suffering and the Kingdom of God among Christians in Anambra State, Nigeria, focusing on a re-examination of Job 1:6-22. Drawing upon theological, hermeneutical, and anthropological frameworks, the research delved into the complex interplay between faith, culture, and lived experience. Through qualitative methods including interviews and textual analysis, the study sought to understand how Christians in Anambra interpret and apply theological concepts related to suffering and the Kingdom of God in their daily lives. Theoretical insights from systematic theology, biblical scholarship, anthropology of religion, and liberation theology inform the analysis, providing a holistic understanding of the theological landscape in Anambra State. The findings reveal a complex understanding of suffering among Christians in Anambra State, integrating theological interpretations, cultural influences, and experiences, while emphasizing the enduring belief in the redemptive potential of the Kingdom of God which offer implications for pastoral care, theological education, and community engagement, highlighting the importance of contextualized interpretations of biblical texts and the dynamic nature of faith in the face of adversity.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Theology of suffering, Kingdom of God, Christianity, Anambra State, Job 1:6-22, Hermeneutics, Anthropology of religion
  topic: keywords
creator: Revd Dr. Chukwunonso Joeseph Nosike; Revd Geoffery Chiazo Nganwuchu; Geoffrey Chidebem Molokwu
rights: Copyright (c) 2023
date: 2023-04-28
publication date: 2023-04-28

DEPLOYMENT OF MODERN DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AND ICTS IN PUBLIC SECTOR HRM: BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES
type: item
description: This study examines the influence of the deployment of modern digital technologies and information communication technologies (ICTs) and its efficiency in public sector human resource management (HRM). With an increasing emphasis on digitalization in the public sector, understanding how these technologies impact HRM efficiency is crucial for organizational effectiveness and service delivery. Drawing on a comprehensive literature review and empirical analysis, this research investigates the extent to which digital technologies and ICTs contribute to improving HRM processes and outcomes in the public sector. Methodologically, a qualitative approach is employed, using analysis of efficiency qualitative insights from stakeholders. The findings shed light on the benefits, challenges, and implications of technology adoption in public sector HRM, offering valuable insights for practitioners, policymakers, and future research endeavors.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Deployment of digital technologies, Information communication technologies (ICTs), Public sector, Human resource management (HRM), Efficiency
  topic: keywords
creator: Revd Dr. Chukwunonso Joeseph Nosike
rights: Copyright (c) 2023
date: 2023-09-28
publication date: 2023-09-28

"Effects of Government Policies on Recessions: Fiscal and Monetary Policy Impact on Unemployment, Poverty, and Inequality."
type: item
description: This study investigates the impact of government policies, specifically fiscal and monetary policies, on preventing and mitigating economic recessions, focusing on their effects on unemployment, poverty, and inequality. By synthesizing existing literature on the subject, the study employs a quantitative research design to analyze the relationship between government interventions and economic outcomes during periods of recession. The findings suggest that both fiscal and monetary policies play crucial roles in stabilizing economies during downturns, with fiscal policy primarily addressing demand-side factors and monetary policy targeting supply-side dynamics. Through an examination of various policy measures, such as government spending, taxation, interest rates, and money supply adjustments, this study identifies the mechanisms through which these policies influence unemployment, poverty rates, and income inequality. The research underscores the importance of coordinated policy responses in mitigating the adverse effects of recessions on vulnerable populations. However, the study also acknowledges the limitations of government interventions and highlights the need for further research to refine policy approaches and enhance their effectiveness in addressing economic challenges.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Government policy, fiscal policy, monetary policy, economic recessions, unemployment, poverty, inequality, recession prevention, recession mitigation
  topic: keywords
creator: Revd Dr. Chukwunonso Joseph Nosike; Oluchukwu Sandra Nosike Ojobor
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-04-28
publication date: 2024-04-28

CONTEXTS OF RETURN MIGRATION AND DISILLUSIONMENT IN TAHER BEN JELLOUN’S A PALACE IN THE OLD VILLAGE
type: item
description: Migration, exile, globalization and their attendant discontents have remained global phenomenon which writers especially from Africa have persistently continued to address in their narratives. While so much has been written about migration to the West in search of better living conditions, or even for mere aspiration, not enough has been done in the area of return migration. This paper reflects on the seeming less discussed issues pertaining return migration and disillusionment in Africa as seen in Tahar Ben Jelloun’s A Palace in the Old Village. This is opposed to the previous interpretations which scholars have made of the text. To achieve this, the paper employs the psychoanalytic theory. The paper finds that there is a specific link between migration, return migration, development of home country and the mental health of returnees. While economic and political corruption, religious fanaticism, illiteracy, social expectations and so on in home countries mitigate against return migration, the paper argues that obsession, neurosis and aridity of some African space portend serious challenge to return home.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Return migration, Disillusionment, Obsession, Psychosis, Taher Ben Jelloun
  topic: keywords
creator: Ifeoma Cassandra Nebeife, Ph.D; Prof. Florence Onyebuchi Orabueze
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-04-28
publication date: 2024-04-28

COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN BUSINESS AND ETHICS: REFLECTIONS ON IMPACT OF CODE OF CONDUCT ON WALMART
type: item
description: Business ethics profoundly affects companies, especially stakeholders like customers, employees, shareholders, investors, and the business’s environment. This is because of the clash between ethics and business, which raises compatibility question. To that end, this study seeks to qualitatively show the compatibility between ethics and business, drawing evidence from the case of Walmart and some extant literatures on the subject matter. The study shows that despite the clash, ethics and compliance are essential and foundational determinants of sustainably successful business. When a business organization, such as Walmart, sets ethical standards and a strong foundation, it establishes the basis for success and ensures transparency and accountability. Ethical standards also guard against legal hurdles that may arise because of the absence of those standards adding to the cost of doing business. The paper concludes that ethical business practices, as demonstrated by Walmart through its code of conduct, help business organizations to achieve success, build trust and confidence, and win the hearts of a large number of the public, for which Walmart and such other organizations top on the competition chain in the market and thereby attain high level of organizational performance, productivity and profit maximization.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Compatibility, Business ethics, Walmart, Code of conduct, Impact
  topic: keywords
creator: Nadege Zeshung
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-04-28
publication date: 2024-04-28

CONTENDING ISSUES AND CHALLENGES HAMPERING EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF PUBLIC POLICIES IN NIGERIA: A PRACTICAL PERSPECTIVE
type: item
description: In Nigeria, numerous public policies have been formulated and implemented since independence. However, there is no significant development to show for these policies as evidenced by the fact that Nigeria is still classified as underdeveloped countries among the comity of nations. This implies that mere formulation of policies should become not the major issue in Nigeria but rather the effective implementation of these policies should be a matter of great concern to all governance actors, as it is only a successfully implemented policies that can bring about development. Therefore, policy implementation is central to the nation’s development trajectory. In Nigeria, the recurring challenge is essentially the problem of effective implementation of policies. In reality, it the practice of successive governments to abandon inherited policies and initiate their own policies, which their own successors usually abandon, thus leaving a chain of abandoned policies. As public policies continue to fail, citizen’s trust in government ability to achieve national development is gradually eroded. Based on this, discussion on policy implementation continually assumes a greater significance among scholars. Policy implementation is not a bed of roses, as it is often challenging and contentious, because policy’s programmes usually faced obstacles during implementation. Most policy’s programmes do not survive during execution and those that do, usually implemented haphazardly, thus, emerged mutilated or distorted, to the extent that they may no longer serve their intended purposes. Premised on this, the study examined the emerging issues and evolving challenges in policy implementation in Nigeria. In carrying out the study, the secondary sources of information or data, were mostly relied on. Thereafter, content analysis technique was adopted in the data analysis. The study found that there exists, some factors that constitute obstacles to effective policy implementation in Nigeria. Thes…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: public policies
  topic: keywords
subject: policy implementation
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subject: public service
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creator: Dr. Yusuf Garba Manjo
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-04-28
publication date: 2024-04-28

DYNAMICS AND IMPLICATIONS OF NIGERIA-CHINA BILATERAL RELATIONS ON INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA (2015 -2024)
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description: This study examined the dynamics and implications of Nigeria–China bilateral relations on infrastructural development in Nigeria between 2015 and 2024. The research was motivated by the need to address existing gaps in the literature, which tend to emphasize economic benefits while overlooking the structural imbalances, governance challenges, and socio-economic costs associated with Chinese-financed infrastructural projects. Guided by the Liberal Institutionalism theory, the study employed an explanatory research design to analyze texts, documents, and reports using content analysis. The findings revealed that while Chinese investments and technical expertise contributed significantly to Nigeria’s infrastructural growth, they also heightened Nigeria’s dependency risks, deepened external debt exposure, and reinforced reliance on foreign technical capacity. The study further emphasized the importance of strong institutional frameworks in ensuring sustainable engagement and mutual benefit. Consequently, the study recommended that Nigeria should strengthen governance frameworks, improve quality control mechanisms in project execution, and promote institutional accountability to mitigate dependency risks while optimizing the developmental benefits of cooperation with China.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bilateral Relations, Infrastructural Development, Nigeria-China Relations, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Economic Cooperation
  topic: keywords
creator: Chibuzor Chigozie NWEKE PhD; Emmanuel Okwuchukwu EZEAMU PhD; Anthony Maduka EMELIFE; Christian Chidi OKEKE, Ph.D
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-11-25
publication date: 2025-11-25

INVESTIGATING THE TRIPATRITE MODEL OF ATTITUDES TOWARDS FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING AMONG UNDERGRADUATE LINGUISTICS STUDENTS IN UNIZIK.
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description: This study investigated the tripartite model of attitudes towards foreign language learning among undergraduate linguistics students in Awka, Nigeria. The tripartite model posits that attitudes consist of three interrelated components: cognitive, affective, and behavioural. The study aimed to examine the extent to which this theoretical framework explains the attitudes of linguistics students towards learning foreign languages. A sample of 165 undergraduate students from the Department of Linguistics at Nnamdi Azikiwe University in Awka participated in the cross-sectional study. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire adapted from previous language attitude research, including items from established instruments such as the Attitude/Motivation Test Battery (AMTB). The questionnaire gathered demographic information and assessed the students' cognitive, affective, and behavioural attitudes towards learning the foreign language course- Chinese, French, and German languages, together with the correlation between these three attitudes that make up the model. The findings revealed that the students held overall positive affective and behavioural attitudes towards foreign language learning, despite exhibiting mixed cognitive views. Students identified teaching methods and peer learning as important factors shaping their attitudes. The results provided support for the tripartite conceptualization of attitudes in the foreign language learning context. The study highlighted the need to address the cognitive, affective, and behavioural aspects of attitudes in order to foster more positive dispositions towards learning new languages among linguistics students. Recommendations are provided for enhanced scaffolding, pragmatic immersion, and targeting initial obstacles and lower proficiency areas to strengthen students' learning experiences and outcomes through evidence-based program refinement.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: tripartite model
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subject: attitudes
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subject: language learning
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subject: undergraduate linguistics students
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creator: Linda C. Nkamigbo; Chinenye L. Okoye; Ijeoma J. Korie
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-04-25
publication date: 2024-04-25

INTER-CULTURAL CHALLENGES FACING TRANSLATION IN IGBO AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES
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description: This study is about inter-cultural challenges facing translation of Igbo language into English language or vice versa. English language referred to here is the British English. The study tries to find out the cultural elements that pose challenge to translation where Igbo language is the source language and English language is the receptor/target language; and where the English language is the source language and Igbo language is the receptor/target language. The study was guided by the theory of indeterminacy of translation and use theory of meaning. The researcher used face-to-face encounter with the teachers and speakers of English language who are of Igbo origin as the method of data collection. At the end of the study, the researcher discovered that sometimes when Igbo language is the source language and English language is the receptor/target language or vice versa, translators are faced with the problem of representing to the receptors what is completely outside their experiences. This is because Igbo culture is widely different from British culture. The cultural divergence is noticed mainly in some cultural exhibitions like food processing and eating habit, religious beliefs and practices, housing system, etc. At the end of the study, the researcher suggested some solutions to the problem. Some of them are adoption of words that will serve as equivalent to some of the cultural terms in both languages. There is need for indigenous Igbo-English speakers to make effort to adopt words that will be equivalent to the Igbo cultural terms in question. Then translators should pay more attention to the central message of the source language.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: inter-cultural challenges
  topic: keywords
subject: translation
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subject: Igbo
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subject: English
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creator: PATRICK IK. UMEZI
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-04-25
publication date: 2024-04-25

CAN MIND UPLOADING AND DIGITAL IMMORTALITY PRESERVE PERSONAL IDENTITY?
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description: At the core of questions surrounding mind uploading is the problem of personal identity. In philosophy, the problem of personal identity is concerned with how one can identify a single person over a time interval. It raises the questions “What makes it true that a person at one time is the same thing as a person at another time?” In contemporary metaphysics, the matter of personal identity is referred to as the diachronic problem of personal identity. The synchronic problem borders on what features and traits characterize a person at a given time. This work is concerned with the question of whether mind uploading and digital immortality preserves personal identity. In doing this, using the method of hermeneutics and analysis, the work evaluates the two hypothetical methods of gradual replacement and instantaneous scan and copy, as well as the distinction made between destructive and non-destructive processes. The work finds out that both of the two pairs are metaphysically equivalent in terms of their outcomes, unless in the case of the gradual replacement, the same body is maintained. Generally, the work considers the result of the mind uploading as simply a functional isomorph, a simulacrum which though may have a qualitative identity with the original, does not ensure personal immortality lacking as it is, numerical identity. This is even more as the body is completely discarded in embrace of an entirely digital frame.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: mind uploading
  topic: keywords
subject: personal identity
  topic: keywords
subject: philosophy
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subject: digital immortality
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creator: Cyril Chibuzo Ezeani; Charles C. Nweke
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-04-25
publication date: 2024-04-25

TRANSHUMANISM: HISTORICO-CULTURAL SHADOWS AND SCIENCE FICTION
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description: Transhumanism seeks to augment human evolution. It is particular aimed at eradicating disease, eliminating suffering, improving intellectual and physical capacities, and expanding one’s health span, allowing man, if he so desires to achieve immortality. This ambition has been given impetus to with the burgeoning development of exotic and radical technologies in such fields as nanotechnology, implantable technology, gene editing, cell regeneration, intelligence, brain imaging, mind-computer interfaces. While these methods are more contemporary, the constant themes in transhumanism, namely constant development of mankind, perfection of humans by technology, increase in well-being and happiness, longevity and immortality are found not to be exclusive to transhumanism; these cast their long roots in human history. The question of the relationship between mankind and technology, human enhancement, the relations between the natural and artificial, the perfection of nature and the desire to find the elixir of life have been a key concern in the human history. These themes found in transhumanism find their precursors in the historical past and socio-cultural presents. The three of such have been dealt with subsequently, namely the enlightenment, the mythological and science fiction. The present work using the methods of hermeneutics is geared towards evaluating these to show how their basic tenets compare with the transhumanist ideals. It finds that a materialistic and technological understanding of the human person which transhumanism leverages has already its predecessor in the enlightenment. It shows in particular that science fiction has helped immensely in steering the imaginative of transhumanists, while noting that both science fiction and transhumanism have both influenced each other.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Transhumanism
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subject: human evolution
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subject: science fiction
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creator: Cyril Chibuzo Ezeani
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-07-25
publication date: 2024-07-25

IMPLEMENTATION OF CHRISTIAN AND IGBO TRADITIONAL VALUES IN ERADICATING INSECURITY IN ANAMBRA STATE
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description: This study explores the integration of Christian and Igbo traditional values as a strategy to eradicate insecurity in Anambra State, Nigeria. Insecurity, manifesting through armed robbery, kidnapping, and communal violence, has significantly impacted the socio-economic development of the region. This research posits that blending Christian ethical teachings with Igbo cultural norms can provide a robust framework for fostering peace and stability. Christian values, emphasizing love, forgiveness, and community support, align with Igbo principles of "Igwebuike" (strength in unity) and respect for elders, offering a synergistic approach to conflict resolution and social cohesion. In the recent time, Anambra state is the siege of insecurity which ranges from the activities of unknown gunmen, killings of human beings, kidnapping and farmers-herders conflict. These vices of insecurity have threatened the peace, unity and progress of Anambra state and have also affected the national development of the entire Nigeria. Thus, this research recommends community-based initiatives, interfaith dialogues, and educational programs that incorporate these values, aiming to transform societal attitudes and behaviors. By promoting a harmonious coexistence of religious and cultural values, this approach seeks to rebuild trust, enhance communal solidarity, and ultimately reduce insecurity in Anambra State. The methodology of this research is primary and secondary sources of data collection such as; journals, unpublished projects, textbooks, book of readings, mainline books, internet documentary articles relevant to the topic under review. The findings underscore the potential of culturally resonant and faith-based strategies in addressing complex social issues in Anambra state.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Implementation, Christian, Theology, Igbo, Traditional, Values, Eradicating, Insecurity, Anambra State
  topic: keywords
creator: Onyeka John Egwuonwu
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-04-25
publication date: 2024-04-25

The Pragmatic Use of Doings among Nigerian Youths
type: item
description: This study focuses on the slang ‘doings’ as used by Nigerian youths in order to ascertain the different morphological realizations and nuances. The data for the study were collected through everyday conversations and interactions on social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Tiktok, and Twitter of Nigerian youths who are between the age group interval of 16 – 45 years. This age range covers young adults, and middle-aged adults who also use the slang. Adopting the descriptive approach for the data analysis, the findings of the study show that the word ‘doings’, which is the plural form of doing, denotes an action as well as social activities. However, when it is used as a slang in different social contexts by Nigerians, it refers to money, wealth, riches, blessings, generosity, extravagance, fame and partying, thereby taking on a new social and cultural reference of the lexical meaning of the word. The study concludes that the word ‘doings’ functions as a noun in all contexts of use, irrespective of its place of occurrence in the sentence, and the slangy use of ‘doings’ is facilitated by social media influencers and celebrities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: neologism, slang, pragmatics, discourse, morphology, semantic extension
  topic: keywords
creator: Martha Chidimma Egenti & Gift Blossom Nsobundu
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-03-25
publication date: 2024-03-25

TRANS-BORDER SECURITY CHALLENGES AND NIGERIA’S RELATIONS WITH HER IMMEDIATE NEIGHBOURS, 1999–2023
type: item
description: This study investigates the impact of transborder security challenges on Nigeria’s relations with its immediate neighbours—Benin Republic, Niger, Chad, and Cameroon—from 1999 to 2023. The study employs a qualitative analytical method involving content analysis of relevant documentary sources. A thematic approach is adopted to analyze the data. The findings reveal that Nigeria’s border insecurity, particularly in the Lake Chad Basin and along the Benin–Niger frontier, has strained bilateral relations, disrupted trade, and undermined regional cooperation within ECOWAS. Although initiatives such as the Multinational Joint Task Force and the 2019 border closure policy were designed to address these challenges, they also exposed contradictions between national security imperatives and regional integration commitments. The study concludes that Nigeria’s security challenges are deeply intertwined with the stability of its neighbours, and that sustainable regional peace requires multidimensional strategies combining security cooperation, socio-economic development, and diplomatic engagement.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Trans-border Insecurity; Nigeria; Regional Relations; ECOWAS; Border Management
  topic: keywords
creator: Ugochukwu O. Kanu, Ph.D; Olua, Ngozi Emea
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-11-23
publication date: 2025-11-23

SHELL BP, COLONIAL RULE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF OWERRI CITY, 1902-1961
type: item
description: The purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of Shell BP and the colonial administration on the development of the city of Owerri during between 1902 and 1961. The study looks at the evolution and development of Owerri City, now the capital of Imo State, Nigeria. The town has grown from a farmstead to a modern city. The evolution of the sprawling urban centre was rather slow during the period under study. The slow pace was not unconnected with the low level of economic activities that characterized the town. Owerri is landlocked, yet it was left as a forgotten backyard town during the colonial rule by British officials, this remained unchanged for so long. Other neighboring towns like Aba, Umuahia and Port Harcourt, were preferred to Owerri, railway lines passed through these cities which, boosted commerce and development, sidetracking Owerri. However, the coming of Shell D’Arcy to Owerri in 1946, for oil prospecting and exploration encouraged the colonial administration to pay more attention to Owerri, thus, some level of development was recorded. The method adopted was historical narrative. It was approached thematically and analytically, with the use of oral interviews and written sources. The efforts of Shell BP and the Colonial Administration from the study, show some positive developments which this paper tries to highlight. It concludes that Shell’s exit from Owerri was seen as a blessing by a majority of the people of Owerri.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Owerri; Development; Shell D’Arcy; British Administration; Oil
  topic: keywords
creator: Edward Dabere Opara
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-04-20
publication date: 2024-04-20

The Issue of Xenophobia in Africa: A Study of Thabile Shange's In The Midst of it All and Alex Ageyi-Agyuri's Unexpected Joy At Dawn
type: item
description: Xenophobia, the fear or hatred of strangers or foreigners, is a pressing issue that affects individuals and communities across the African continent. This article explores the theme of xenophobia in African literature through a comparative analysis of two novels: In The Midst of it All by Thabile Shange and Unexpected Joy At Dawn by Alex Ageyi-Agyiri. Drawing upon postcolonial theory and critical race studies, the study examines how these novels illuminate the complexities of xenophobia and its impact on individuals' lives. Through an analysis of character experiences, narrative techniques, and socio-political contexts, the article sheds light on the root causes of xenophobia in Africa and offers insights into potential strategies for addressing this pervasive issue. The key findings of the study are that xenophobia breaks homes, and causes trauma, suffering, pain, frustration and anxiety. It inflicts hatred, and this hatred spreads wide and tramples upon people's welfare and finally leaves them desolate and unhappy.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Xenophobia
  topic: keywords
subject: Africa
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subject: African literature
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creator: Deborah Ndidiamaka Umeh
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-04-20
publication date: 2024-04-20

Religious Education in Schools: Balancing Faith and Pluralism
type: item
description: Religious education in schools is uniquely positioned to shape students' perspectives and foster a sense of community within diverse societies. This article delves into the delicate balance required when incorporating religious education into school curricula, laying bare the challenges and opportunities inherent in navigating the intersection of faith and pluralism. A foundational premise of this exploration is the recognition of religious education's potential impact on students' worldviews and, consequently, its role in nurturing understanding and tolerance. The article emphasizes the need to foster religious literacy to cultivate an informed citizenry capable of navigating the intricacies of diverse belief systems. It delves into the multifaceted landscape of religious education, advocating for an inclusive approach that respects and acknowledges various belief systems. Furthermore, the discussion extends to the critical role played by educators, policymakers, and communities in shaping a curriculum that reflects the richness of religious traditions and aligns with the principles of pluralism in contemporary education. Acknowledging the challenges and opportunities embedded in religious education, this article contributes to the ongoing dialogue on creating educational environments beyond imparting knowledge. Instead, they strive to foster an appreciation for diversity, promote open-mindedness, and nurture a sense of communal responsibility among students. In essence, this exploration invites stakeholders to collectively pursue a holistic and inclusive religious education that enriches the educational experience and contributes positively to the fabric of our interconnected global society.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Religious Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Schools
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subject: Faith
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subject: Pluralism
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creator: Dr. Chioma Maureen Udemba
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-03-20
publication date: 2024-03-20

International Relations and Nation building: The Nigerian Experience Since 1999
type: item
description: The intrinsic interrelatedness between International Relations and the art of nation-building is well-established in the international system both in theory and practice. In the system, no nation-state can be said to be self-sufficient without relating with other states to drive its nation building as a systematic process. Meanwhile, the acts and manners in which nation building is anchored have concomitant effects on its external relations especially how it is perceived. A pluralistic Nigerian nation, and as a Third-World state, is far from the semblance of a nation. (Awolowo, 1987); argued that Nigeria is not a nation but a mere geographical expression. It therefore translates the uphill task for Nigeria to build its ‘nation’ amid both domestic and external complex forces, within the context of international relations. Due to limited resources, this study adopted a secondary collection of data readily available in journal articles, using qualitative analysis with the concept of domestic-political descriptions to x-ray how nation-building shapes Nigeria’s external relations, and vice versa. This paper studied some myriad challenges of nation-building confronting Nigeria since its nascent democracy in 1999. Until Nigerians see themselves as a nation, their nation building will always be challenged abroad.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: International Relations
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subject: Nation building
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subject: Nigerian Experience
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creator: Emmanuel Nonso Akosa
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-03-20
publication date: 2024-03-20

THE NIGERIAN ENVIRONMENT, “UNGOVERNED SPACES,” AND NATIONAL SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS: 1999 – 2022
type: item
description: Nigerian environment like every other nation-state is multifaceted –amongst it are business, socio-politics and geographical locations. The latter covers areas identified as ungoverned spaces which affect its national security. Going by the National Security Strategy in 2019, Nigeria recognizes ungoverned spaces as areas around the nation’s external boundaries, border communities and forest which provide a fertile ground for criminal activities. The height of these crimes is the acts of terrorism by Boko Haram which were at their peak in 2014, though, has been “technically defeated”. An existential threat that has almost brought Nigeria’s national security to its knees. (Ukwuoma, Oke and Nimfel, 2020); argue that the federal government has restrained its state control from reaching these spaces; an action proffering haven for extreme criminals. However, non-physical spaces such as the internet and global finance which are not in the total ambit of the Nigerian state could pose a danger to its national security, (Clunan, 2008). Adopting an array of relevant secondary data, the securitization theory explains the government’s failure to secure these places which the criminal elements took advantage of to hatch their dangerous plans against national security. The researcher recommends that it is high time the federal government refrained from its lackadaisical attitude to national security towards securing these hot spots once and for all. Hence, deploy and harness the energies of the many domestic security agencies through their complementary services towards securing these places.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nigerian environment
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subject: external boundaries
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subject: border communities
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subject: national security
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creator: Emmanuel Nonso Akosa
rights: Copyright (c) 2023
date: 2023-09-20
publication date: 2023-09-20