SOCIO-CULTURAL BARRIERS TO CAESAREAN MODE OF CHILDBIRTH AMONGST WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

Childbirth preferences, including the choice between vaginal delivery (VD) and Caesarean section (CS), are profoundly influenced by socio-cultural factors, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Nigeria. Despite global efforts and World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for optimal CS rates, Nigeria exhibits a significantly low CS prevalence (3.0% nationally, 1.5% in rural areas), suggesting an unmet need and highlighting the influence of non-medical factors. This study investigates socio-cultural barriers influencing the utilization of Caesarean mode of childbirth among women of reproductive age in Anambra State, Nigeria. Key barriers identified include cultural and religious beliefs that stigmatize CS as "unnatural" or a sign of weakness, patriarchal structures limiting women's autonomy in reproductive decisions, reliance on traditional birth attendants (TBAs), fear of medical complications, and misconceptions, influence of family pressure and community expectations.The study adopted mixed-research design combining quantitative and qualitative research methods.The target population for the study was 111,315 which was estimated population of women of reproductive age 15-49 in Awka North and South LGA by Nigerian Population Commission in 2023. The sample size for the study was 660 statistically determined using Cochran’s formula. The multistage sampling procedure involving cluster, stratified, systematic and simple random sampling techniques at different stages in the sampling process was employed to select 660 respondents for the study The instruments for data collection included structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews,. Findings show that religious beliefs (39.9%) and cultural constraints (25.6%) are significant barriers to accessing Caesarean Section (CS) as childbirth. Addressing these barriers through community-based educational initiatives, strengthening healthcare infrastructure, and empowering women in decisionmaking is crucial for improving maternal and neonatal health outcomes in the region.